add example usage

* add regmap Device8I2C/SPI types and their methods
* add endianess hint

apa102/apa102.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package apa102 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/apa102"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -37,11 +37,8 @@ func New(b drivers.SPI) *Device {
 
 // NewSoftwareSPI returns a new APA102 driver that will use a software based
 // implementation of the SPI protocol.
-func NewSoftwareSPI(sckPin, sdoPin drivers.PinOutput, delay uint32) *Device {
-	return New(&bbSPI{SCK: sckPin.Set, SDO: sdoPin.Set, Delay: delay, configurePins: func() {
-		legacy.ConfigurePinOut(sckPin)
-		legacy.ConfigurePinOut(sdoPin)
-	}})
+func NewSoftwareSPI(sckPin, sdoPin machine.Pin, delay uint32) *Device {
+	return New(&bbSPI{SCK: sckPin, SDO: sdoPin, Delay: delay})
 }
 
 // WriteColors writes the given RGBA color slice out using the APA102 protocol.

apa102/softspi.go

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package apa102
 
-import (
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
-)
+import "machine"
 
 // bbSPI is a dumb bit-bang implementation of SPI protocol that is hardcoded
 // to mode 0 and ignores trying to receive data. Just enough for the APA102.
@@ -11,18 +8,15 @@ import (
 // most purposes other than the APA102 package. It might be desirable to make
 // this more generic and include it in the TinyGo "machine" package instead.
 type bbSPI struct {
-	SCK           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	SDO           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	Delay         uint32
-	configurePins func()
+	SCK   machine.Pin
+	SDO   machine.Pin
+	Delay uint32
 }
 
 // Configure sets up the SCK and SDO pins as outputs and sets them low
 func (s *bbSPI) Configure() {
-	if s.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	s.configurePins()
+	s.SCK.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	s.SDO.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	s.SCK.Low()
 	s.SDO.Low()
 	if s.Delay == 0 {

bmi160/bmi160.go

@@ -1,35 +1,31 @@
 package bmi160
 
 import (
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 // DeviceSPI is the SPI interface to a BMI160 accelerometer/gyroscope. There is
 // also an I2C interface, but it is not yet supported.
 type DeviceSPI struct {
 	// Chip select pin
-	csb drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	CSB machine.Pin
 
 	buf [7]byte
 
 	// SPI bus (requires chip select to be usable).
-	bus           drivers.SPI
-	configurePins func()
+	Bus drivers.SPI
 }
 
 // NewSPI returns a new device driver. The pin and SPI interface are not
 // touched, provide a fully configured SPI object and call Configure to start
 // using this device.
-func NewSPI(csb drivers.PinOutput, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
+func NewSPI(csb machine.Pin, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 	return &DeviceSPI{
-		csb: csb.Set, // chip select
-		bus: spi,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csb)
-		},
+		CSB: csb, // chip select
+		Bus: spi,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -37,11 +33,8 @@ func NewSPI(csb drivers.PinOutput, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 // configures the BMI160, but it does not configure the SPI interface (it is
 // assumed to be up and running).
 func (d *DeviceSPI) Configure() error {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		return legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated
-	}
-	d.configurePins()
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.CSB.High()
 
 	// The datasheet recommends doing a register read from address 0x7F to get
 	// SPI communication going:
@@ -93,9 +86,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadTemperature() (temperature int32, err error) {
 	data[0] = 0x80 | reg_TEMPERATURE_0
 	data[1] = 0
 	data[2] = 0
-	d.csb.Low()
-	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Low()
+	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.CSB.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -130,9 +123,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadAcceleration() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.csb.Low()
-	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Low()
+	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.CSB.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -160,9 +153,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadRotation() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.csb.Low()
-	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Low()
+	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.CSB.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -208,9 +201,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) readRegister(address uint8) uint8 {
 	data := d.buf[:2]
 	data[0] = 0x80 | address
 	data[1] = 0
-	d.csb.Low()
-	d.bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.CSB.High()
 	return data[1]
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +217,7 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) writeRegister(address, data uint8) {
 	buf[0] = address
 	buf[1] = data
 
-	d.csb.Low()
-	d.bus.Tx(buf, buf)
-	d.csb.High()
+	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.Bus.Tx(buf, buf)
+	d.CSB.High()
 }

buzzer/buzzer.go

@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
 package buzzer // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/buzzer"
 
 import (
-	"time"
+	"machine"
 
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // Device wraps a GPIO connection to a buzzer.
 type Device struct {
-	pin  drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	pin  machine.Pin
 	High bool
 	BPM  float64
 }
 
 // New returns a new buzzer driver given which pin to use
-func New(pin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
+func New(pin machine.Pin) Device {
 	return Device{
-		pin:  pin.Set,
+		pin:  pin,
 		High: false,
 		BPM:  96.0,
 	}
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ func New(pin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
 
 // On sets the buzzer to a high state.
 func (l *Device) On() (err error) {
-	l.pin.High()
+	l.pin.Set(true)
 	l.High = true
 	return
 }
 
 // Off sets the buzzer to a low state.
 func (l *Device) Off() (err error) {
-	l.pin.Low()
+	l.pin.Set(false)
 	l.High = false
 	return
 }

easystepper/easystepper.go

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 package easystepper // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/easystepper"
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 // StepMode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
@@ -30,10 +30,28 @@ func (sm StepMode) stepCount() uint {
 	}
 }
 
+// DeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a single easystepper driver
+type DeviceConfig struct {
+	// Pin1 ... Pin4 determines the pins to configure and use for the device
+	Pin1, Pin2, Pin3, Pin4 machine.Pin
+	// StepCount is the number of steps required to perform a full revolution of the stepper motor
+	StepCount uint
+	// RPM determines the speed of the stepper motor in 'Revolutions per Minute'
+	RPM uint
+	// Mode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
+	Mode StepMode
+}
+
+// DualDeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a dual easystepper driver
+type DualDeviceConfig struct {
+	DeviceConfig
+	// Pin5 ... Pin8 determines the pins to configure and use for the second device
+	Pin5, Pin6, Pin7, Pin8 machine.Pin
+}
+
 // Device holds the pins and the delay between steps
 type Device struct {
-	pins       [4]drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	config     func()
+	pins       [4]machine.Pin
 	stepDelay  time.Duration
 	stepNumber uint8
 	stepMode   StepMode
@@ -44,6 +62,51 @@ type DualDevice struct {
 	devices [2]*Device
 }
 
+// New returns a new single easystepper driver given a DeviceConfig
+func New(config DeviceConfig) (*Device, error) {
+	if config.StepCount == 0 || config.RPM == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("config.StepCount and config.RPM must be > 0")
+	}
+	return &Device{
+		pins:      [4]machine.Pin{config.Pin1, config.Pin2, config.Pin3, config.Pin4},
+		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((config.StepCount * config.RPM)),
+		stepMode:  config.Mode,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Configure configures the pins of the Device
+func (d *Device) Configure() {
+	for _, pin := range d.pins {
+		pin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDual returns a new dual easystepper driver given 8 pins, number of steps and rpm
+func NewDual(config DualDeviceConfig) (*DualDevice, error) {
+	// Create the first device
+	dev1, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Create the second device
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin1 = config.Pin5
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin2 = config.Pin6
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin3 = config.Pin7
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin4 = config.Pin8
+	dev2, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Return composite dual device
+	return &DualDevice{devices: [2]*Device{dev1, dev2}}, nil
+}
+
+// Configure configures the pins of the DualDevice
+func (d *DualDevice) Configure() {
+	d.devices[0].Configure()
+	d.devices[1].Configure()
+}
+
 // Move rotates the motor the number of given steps
 // (negative steps will rotate it the opposite direction)
 func (d *Device) Move(steps int32) {

easystepper/easystepper_go.go

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package easystepper
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-func NewCrossPlatform(stepcount, rpm uint, mode StepMode, pins [4]drivers.PinOutputFunc) (*Device, error) {
-	if stepcount == 0 || rpm == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("zero rpm and/or stepcount")
-	}
-	for i := range pins {
-		if pins[i] == nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("nil pin")
-		}
-	}
-	d := &Device{
-		pins:      pins,
-		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((stepcount * rpm)),
-		stepMode:  mode,
-		config:    func() {},
-	}
-	return d, nil
-}

easystepper/easystepper_tinygo.go

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-//go:build baremetal
-
-package easystepper
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"machine"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
-)
-
-// New returns a new single easystepper driver given a DeviceConfig
-func New(config DeviceConfig) (*Device, error) {
-	if config.StepCount == 0 || config.RPM == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("config.StepCount and config.RPM must be > 0")
-	}
-	return &Device{
-		pins:      [4]drivers.PinOutputFunc{config.Pin1.Set, config.Pin2.Set, config.Pin3.Set, config.Pin4.Set},
-		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((config.StepCount * config.RPM)),
-		stepMode:  config.Mode,
-		config: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(config.Pin1)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(config.Pin2)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(config.Pin3)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(config.Pin4)
-		},
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Configure configures the pins of the Device
-func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	if d.config == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	d.config()
-}
-
-// Configure configures the pins of the DualDevice
-func (d *DualDevice) Configure() {
-	d.devices[0].Configure()
-	d.devices[1].Configure()
-}
-
-// NewDual returns a new dual easystepper driver given 8 pins, number of steps and rpm
-func NewDual(config DualDeviceConfig) (*DualDevice, error) {
-	// Create the first device
-	dev1, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// Create the second device
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin1 = config.Pin5
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin2 = config.Pin6
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin3 = config.Pin7
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin4 = config.Pin8
-	dev2, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// Return composite dual device
-	return &DualDevice{devices: [2]*Device{dev1, dev2}}, nil
-}
-
-// DeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a single easystepper driver
-type DeviceConfig struct {
-	// Pin1 ... Pin4 determines the pins to configure and use for the device
-	Pin1, Pin2, Pin3, Pin4 machine.Pin
-	// StepCount is the number of steps required to perform a full revolution of the stepper motor
-	StepCount uint
-	// RPM determines the speed of the stepper motor in 'Revolutions per Minute'
-	RPM uint
-	// Mode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
-	Mode StepMode
-}
-
-// DualDeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a dual easystepper driver
-type DualDeviceConfig struct {
-	DeviceConfig
-	// Pin5 ... Pin8 determines the pins to configure and use for the second device
-	Pin5, Pin6, Pin7, Pin8 machine.Pin
-}

encoders/quadrature_interrupt.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build tinygo && (rp2040 || stm32 || k210 || esp32c3 || nrf || sam || (avr && (atmega328p || atmega328pb)))
+//go:build tinygo && (rp2040 || rp2350 || stm32 || k210 || esp32c3 || nrf || sam || (avr && (atmega328p || atmega328pb)))
 
 // Implementation based on:
 // https://gist.github.com/aykevl/3fc1683ed77bb0a9c07559dfe857304a

examples/honeyhsc/example.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/honeyhsc"
+)
+
+// Data taken from https://github.com/rodan/honeywell_hsc_ssc_i2c/blob/master/hsc_ssc_i2c.cpp
+// these defaults are valid for the HSCMRNN030PA2A3 chip
+const (
+	i2cAddress = 0x28
+	// 10%
+	outputMinimum = 0x666
+	// 90% of 2^14 - 1
+	outputMax = 0x399A
+	// min is 0 for sensors that give absolute values
+	pressureMin = 0
+	// 30psi (and we want results in millipascals)
+	// pressureMax = 206842.7
+	pressureMax = 206843 * 1000
+)
+
+func main() {
+	bus := machine.I2C0
+	err := bus.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
+		Frequency: 400_000, // 100kHz minimum and 400kHz I2C maximum clock. 50 to 800 for SPI.
+		SDA:       machine.I2C0_SDA_PIN,
+		SCL:       machine.I2C0_SCL_PIN,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+	sensor := honeyhsc.NewDevI2C(bus, i2cAddress, outputMinimum, outputMax, pressureMin, pressureMax)
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		const measuremask = drivers.Pressure | drivers.Temperature
+		err := sensor.Update(measuremask)
+		if err != nil {
+			println("error updating measurements:", err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+		P := sensor.Pressure()
+		T := sensor.Temperature()
+		println("pressure:", P, "temperature:", T)
+	}
+}

examples/lis3dh/main.go

@@ -14,9 +14,18 @@ func main() {
 	i2c.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{SCL: machine.SCL1_PIN, SDA: machine.SDA1_PIN})
 
 	accel := lis3dh.New(i2c)
-	accel.Address = lis3dh.Address1 // address on the Circuit Playground Express
-	accel.Configure()
-	accel.SetRange(lis3dh.RANGE_2_G)
+	err := accel.Configure(lis3dh.Config{
+		Address: lis3dh.Address1, // address on the Circuit Playground Express
+	})
+	for err != nil {
+		println("could not configure LIS3DH:", err)
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
+	err = accel.SetRange(lis3dh.RANGE_2_G)
+	for err != nil {
+		println("could not set acceleration range:", err)
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
 
 	println(accel.Connected())
 

ft6336/ft6336.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 package ft6336
 
 import (
+	"machine"
+
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/touch"
@@ -12,21 +14,19 @@ import (
 
 // Device wraps FT6336 I2C Self-Capacitive touch
 type Device struct {
-	bus           drivers.I2C
-	buf           []byte
-	Address       uint8
-	configurePins func()
+	bus     drivers.I2C
+	buf     []byte
+	Address uint8
+	intPin  machine.Pin
 }
 
 // New returns FT6336 device for the provided I2C bus using default address.
-func New(i2c drivers.I2C, intPin drivers.PinInput) *Device {
+func New(i2c drivers.I2C, intPin machine.Pin) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus:     i2c,
 		buf:     make([]byte, 11),
 		Address: Address,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinInputPulldown(intPin)
-		},
+		intPin:  intPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -36,11 +36,8 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // Configure the FT6336 device.
 func (d *Device) Configure(config Config) error {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		return legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated
-	}
 	d.write1Byte(0xA4, 0x00)
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.intPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown})
 	return nil
 }
 

gc9a01/gc9a01.go

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ package gc9a01 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/gc9a01"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 // Rotation controls the rotation used by the display.
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ type FrameRate uint8
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus             drivers.SPI
-	dcPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	resetPin        drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	csPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	blPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	dcPin           machine.Pin
+	resetPin        machine.Pin
+	csPin           machine.Pin
+	blPin           machine.Pin
 	width           int16
 	height          int16
 	columnOffsetCfg int16
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7789 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(resetPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(blPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
-		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
-		csPin:    csPin.Set,
-		blPin:    blPin.Set,
+		resetPin: resetPin,
+		dcPin:    dcPin,
+		csPin:    csPin,
+		blPin:    blPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 

hcsr04/hcsr04.go

@@ -5,39 +5,30 @@
 package hcsr04
 
 import (
+	"machine"
 	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 const TIMEOUT = 23324 // max sensing distance (4m)
 
 // Device holds the pins
 type Device struct {
-	trigger       drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	echo          drivers.PinInputFunc
-	configurePins func()
+	trigger machine.Pin
+	echo    machine.Pin
 }
 
 // New returns a new ultrasonic driver given 2 pins
-func New(trigger drivers.PinOutput, echo drivers.PinInput) Device {
+func New(trigger, echo machine.Pin) Device {
 	return Device{
-		trigger: trigger.Set,
-		echo:    echo.Get,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(trigger)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinInput(echo)
-		},
+		trigger: trigger,
+		echo:    echo,
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure configures the pins of the Device
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.trigger.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.echo.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 }
 
 // ReadDistance returns the distance of the object in mm
@@ -61,7 +52,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadPulse() int32 {
 	d.trigger.Low()
 	i := uint8(0)
 	for {
-		if d.echo() {
+		if d.echo.Get() {
 			t = time.Now()
 			break
 		}
@@ -75,7 +66,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadPulse() int32 {
 	}
 	i = 0
 	for {
-		if !d.echo() {
+		if !d.echo.Get() {
 			return int32(time.Since(t).Microseconds())
 		}
 		i++

hd44780/hd44780.go

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (d *Device) SendCommand(command byte) {
 	d.bus.SetCommandMode(true)
 	d.bus.Write([]byte{command})
 
-	for d.isBusy(command == DISPLAY_CLEAR || command == CURSOR_HOME) {
+	for d.busy(command == DISPLAY_CLEAR || command == CURSOR_HOME) {
 	}
 }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func (d *Device) sendData(data byte) {
 	d.bus.SetCommandMode(false)
 	d.bus.Write([]byte{data})
 
-	for d.isBusy(false) {
+	for d.busy(false) {
 	}
 }
 
@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ func (d *Device) CreateCharacter(cgramAddr uint8, data []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-// isBusy returns true when hd447890 is isBusy
+// busy returns true when hd447890 is busy
 // or after the timeout specified
-func (d *Device) isBusy(longDelay bool) bool {
+func (d *Device) busy(longDelay bool) bool {
 	if d.bus.WriteOnly() {
 		// Can't read busy flag if write only, so sleep a bit then return
 		if longDelay {
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (d *Device) isBusy(longDelay bool) bool {
 
 // Busy returns true when hd447890 is busy
 func (d *Device) Busy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy(false)
+	return d.busy(false)
 }
 
 // Size returns the current size of the display.

honeyhsc/hsc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package honeyhsc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+var (
+	errSensorMissing = errors.New("hsc: not connected")
+	errDiagnostic    = errors.New("hsc: diagnostic error")
+)
+
+const (
+	measuremask  = drivers.Pressure | drivers.Temperature
+	statusMask   = 0b1100_0000
+	statusOffset = 6
+)
+
+// DevI2C is the TruStability® High Accuracy Silicon Ceramic (HSC) Series is a piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor offering a ratiometric
+// analog or digital output for reading pressure over the specified full scale pressure span and temperature range.
+type DevI2C struct {
+	bus drivers.I2C
+	dev
+	addr uint8
+	buf  [6]byte
+}
+
+// NewDevI2C creates and returns a new DevI2C that communicates with an HSC device over the provided I2C bus.
+// Parameters:
+//   - bus: the I2C bus to use.
+//   - addr: the 7-bit I2C address of the sensor.
+//   - outMin, outMax: raw output code range (counts) corresponding to the pressure span. Depends on sensor model.
+//   - pMin, pMax: pressure range endpoints in millipascals (mPa). Depends on sensor model.
+//
+// The returned DevI2C will use these calibration parameters to convert raw bridge counts to pressure.
+func NewDevI2C(bus drivers.I2C, addr, outMin, outMax uint16, pMin, pMax int32) *DevI2C {
+	h := &DevI2C{
+		bus:  bus,
+		addr: uint8(addr),
+		dev: dev{
+			cmin: outMin,
+			cmax: outMax,
+			pmin: pMin,
+			pmax: pMax,
+		},
+	}
+	return h
+}
+
+// ReadTemperature reads and returns the temperature in milliKelvin (mC) from the I2C-attached HSC device.
+// It performs an Update internally to get the latest temperature value.
+func (h *DevI2C) ReadTemperature() (int32, error) {
+	err := h.Update(drivers.Temperature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return h.Temperature(), nil
+}
+
+// Update reads both temperature and pressure data from the I2C-attached HSC device when
+// the requested measurement mask includes pressure or temperature.
+// If neither pressure nor temperature is requested, Update is a no-op.
+func (d *DevI2C) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
+	// Update performs an I2C transaction to read 4 bytes, parses the status bits, 14-bit bridge data and
+	// temperature bits, and forwards them to the internal update routine. Any I2C transport error is returned,
+	// as well as errors produced by the internal update (e.g. errSensorMissing, errDiagnostic).
+	if which&measuremask == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rbuf := d.buf[:4]
+	wbuf := d.buf[4:6]
+	const reg = 0
+	value := (d.addr << 1) | 1
+	wbuf[0] = reg
+	wbuf[1] = value
+	err := d.bus.Tx(uint16(d.addr), wbuf, rbuf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	status := (rbuf[0] & statusMask) >> statusOffset
+	bridgeData := (uint16(rbuf[0]&^statusMask) << 8) | uint16(rbuf[1])
+	tempData := uint16(rbuf[2])<<8 | uint16(rbuf[3]&0xe0)>>5
+	return d.dev.update(status, bridgeData, tempData)
+}
+
+type pinout func(level bool)
+
+// DevI2C is the TruStability® High Accuracy Silicon Ceramic (HSC) Series is a piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor offering a ratiometric
+// analog or digital output for reading pressure over the specified full scale pressure span and temperature range.
+type DevSPI struct {
+	spi drivers.SPI
+	cs  pinout
+	dev
+	buf [4]byte
+}
+
+// NewDevSPI creates and returns a new DevSPI that communicates with an HSC device over SPI.
+// Parameters:
+//   - conn: the SPI connection to use.
+//   - cs: a chip-select function that drives the device select line low/high.
+//   - outMin, outMax: raw output code range (counts) corresponding to the pressure span. Depends on sensor model.
+//   - pMin, pMax: pressure range endpoints in millipascals (mPa). Depends on sensor model.
+//
+// The function returns the constructed DevSPI and an error value (currently always nil).
+func NewDevSPI(conn drivers.SPI, cs pinout, outMin, outMax uint16, pMin, pMax int32) (*DevSPI, error) {
+	h := &DevSPI{
+		spi: conn,
+		cs:  cs,
+		dev: dev{
+			cmin: outMin,
+			cmax: outMax,
+			pmin: pMin,
+			pmax: pMax,
+		},
+	}
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+// ReadTemperature reads and returns the temperature in milliKelvin (mC) from the SPI-attached HSC device.
+// It performs an Update internally to get the latest temperature value.
+func (h *DevSPI) ReadTemperature() (int32, error) {
+	err := h.Update(drivers.Temperature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return h.Temperature(), nil
+}
+
+// Update reads pressure and temperature data from the SPI-attached HSC device when the requested measurement mask includes
+// pressure or temperature. If neither pressure nor temperature is requested, Update is a no-op.
+func (h *DevSPI) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
+	// It toggles the provided chip-select, performs an SPI transfer to read 4 bytes, parses the status bits,
+	// 14-bit bridge data and temperature bits, and forwards them to the internal update routine. Any SPI
+	// transport error is returned, as well as errors produced by the internal update (e.g. errSensorMissing, errDiagnostic).
+	if which&measuremask == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	buf := &h.buf
+	h.cs(false)
+	err := h.spi.Tx(nil, buf[:4])
+	h.cs(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// First two bits are status bits.
+	status := (buf[0] & statusMask) >> statusOffset
+	bridgeData := (uint16(buf[0]&^statusMask) << 8) | uint16(buf[1])
+
+	tempData := uint16(buf[2])<<8 | uint16(buf[3]&0xe0)>>5
+	return h.dev.update(status, bridgeData, tempData)
+}
+
+type dev struct {
+	pressure   int32
+	temp       int32
+	cmin, cmax uint16
+	pmin, pmax int32
+}
+
+// Pressure returns the most recently computed pressure value in millipascals (mPa).
+// The value is taken from the last successful Update.
+func (d *dev) Pressure() int32 {
+	return d.pressure
+}
+
+// Temperature returns the most recently read temperature value in milliKelvin (mC).
+// The value is taken from the last successful Update.
+func (d *dev) Temperature() int32 {
+	return d.temp + 273_150
+}
+
+// update interprets raw sensor fields (status, bridgeData, tempData) and updates the dev's stored
+// pressure and temperature. It returns errSensorMissing when the temperature raw value indicates no sensor
+// (tempData == math.MaxUint16), errDiagnostic when the status indicates a device diagnostic condition
+// (status == 3), or nil on success. Pressure is computed with integer arithmetic using the configured
+// cmin/cmax -> pmin/pmax linear mapping in order to avoid overflows.
+func (d *dev) update(status uint8, bridgeData, tempData uint16) error {
+	if tempData == math.MaxUint16 {
+		return errSensorMissing
+	} else if status == 3 {
+		return errDiagnostic
+	}
+
+	// Take care not to overflow here.
+	p := (int32(bridgeData)-int32(d.cmin))*(d.pmax-d.pmin)/int32(d.cmax-d.cmin) + d.pmin
+	d.temp = int32(tempData)
+	d.pressure = p
+	return nil
+}

internal/legacy/pinconfig.go

@@ -3,15 +3,23 @@ package legacy
 import (
 	"errors"
 
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
+// The pingconfig group of files serve to abstract away
+// pin configuration calls on the machine.Pin type.
+// It was observed this way of developing drivers was
+// non-portable and unusable on "big" Go projects so
+// future projects should NOT configure pins in driver code.
+// Users must configure pins before passing them as arguments
+// to drivers.
+
 // ConfigurePinOut is a legacy function used to configure pins as outputs.
 //
 // Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
 // This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
 // previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinOut(po drivers.PinOutput) {
+func ConfigurePinOut(po pin.Output) {
 	configurePinOut(po)
 }
 
@@ -20,7 +28,7 @@ func ConfigurePinOut(po drivers.PinOutput) {
 // Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
 // This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
 // previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInputPulldown(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func ConfigurePinInputPulldown(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePinInputPulldown(pi)
 }
 
@@ -29,7 +37,7 @@ func ConfigurePinInputPulldown(pi drivers.PinInput) {
 // Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
 // This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
 // previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInput(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func ConfigurePinInput(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePinInput(pi)
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@ func ConfigurePinInput(pi drivers.PinInput) {
 // Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
 // This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
 // previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInputPullup(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func ConfigurePinInputPullup(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePinInputPullup(pi)
 }
 

internal/legacy/pinconfig_go.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !tinygo
+
+package legacy
+
+import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
+
+// This file compiles for non-tinygo builds
+// for use with "big" or "upstream" Go where
+// there is no machine package.
+
+func configurePinOut(p pin.Output)          {}
+func configurePinInput(p pin.Input)         {}
+func configurePinInputPulldown(p pin.Input) {}
+func configurePinInputPullup(p pin.Input)   {}
+func pinIsNoPin(a any) bool                 { return false }

internal/legacy/pinconfig_tinygo.go

@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@ package legacy
 import (
 	"machine"
 
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
-func configurePinOut(po drivers.PinOutput) {
+func configurePinOut(po pin.Output) {
 	configurePin(po, machine.PinOutput)
 }
 
-func configurePinInputPulldown(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func configurePinInputPulldown(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePin(pi, pulldown) // some chips do not have pull down, in which case pulldown==machine.PinInput.
 }
 
-func configurePinInput(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func configurePinInput(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePin(pi, machine.PinInput)
 }
 
-func configurePinInputPullup(pi drivers.PinInput) {
+func configurePinInputPullup(pi pin.Input) {
 	configurePin(pi, pullup) // some chips do not have pull up, in which case pullup==machine.PinInput.
 }
 

internal/legacy/pinhal_go.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !baremetal
-
-package legacy
-
-import (
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-func configurePinOut(p drivers.PinOutput)          {}
-func configurePinInput(p drivers.PinInput)         {}
-func configurePinInputPulldown(p drivers.PinInput) {}
-func configurePinInputPullup(p drivers.PinInput)   {}
-func pinIsNoPin(a any) bool                        { return false }

internal/pin/internalpin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// package pin implements a TinyGo Pin HAL.
+// It serves to eliminate machine.Pin from driver constructors
+// so that drivers can be used in "big" Go projects where
+// there is no machine package.
+// This file contains both function and interface-style Pin HAL definitions.
+package pin
+
+// OutputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which outputs a
+// digital signal (high or low level).
+//
+//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.OutputFunc
+//	led := machine.LED
+//	led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.Output})
+//	var pin pin.OutputFunc = led.Set // Going from a machine.Pin to a pin.OutputFunc
+//
+// This is an alternative to [Output] which is an interface type.
+type OutputFunc func(level bool)
+
+// High sets the underlying pin's level to high. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(true).
+func (setPin OutputFunc) High() {
+	setPin(true)
+}
+
+// Low sets the underlying pin's level to low. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(false).
+func (setPin OutputFunc) Low() {
+	setPin(false)
+}
+
+// InputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which receives a
+// digital signal and reads it (high or low level).
+//
+//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.InputFunc
+//	input := machine.LED
+//	input.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown}) // or use machine.PinInputPullup or machine.Input
+//	var pin pin.InputFunc = input.Get // Going from a machine.Pin to a pin.InputFunc
+//
+// This is an alternative to [Input] which is an interface type.
+type InputFunc func() (level bool)
+
+// // Below is an example on how to define a input/output pin HAL for a
+// // pin that must switch between input and output mode:
+//
+// 	var pinIsOutput bool
+// 	var po PinOutputFunc = func(b bool) {
+// 		if !pinIsOutput {
+// 			pin.Configure(outputMode)
+// 			pinIsOutput = true
+// 		}
+// 		pin.Set(b)
+// 	}
+//
+// 	var pi PinInputFunc = func() bool {
+// 		if pinIsOutput {
+// 			pin.Configure(inputMode)
+// 			pinIsOutput = false
+// 		}
+// 		return pin.Get()
+// 	}
+
+// Output interface represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can output a digital signal.
+//
+// This is an alternative to [OutputFunc] abstraction which is a function type.
+type Output interface {
+	Set(level bool)
+}
+
+// Input interface represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can read a digital signal.
+//
+// This is an alternative to [InputFunc] abstraction which is a function type.
+type Input interface {
+	Get() (level bool)
+}

internal/regmap/device8.go

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Device8 implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an I2C or SPI bus.
+// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
+// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
+//
+// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
 type Device8 struct {
 	buf [10]byte
 }
@@ -19,41 +23,53 @@ func (d *Device8) clear() {
 
 // I2C methods.
 
+// Read8I2C reads a single byte from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
 func (d *Device8) Read8I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:2])
 	return d.buf[1], err
 }
 
+// Read16I2C reads a 16-bit value from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
+// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read16I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint16, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:3])
 	return order.Uint16(d.buf[1:3]), err
 }
 
+// Read32I2C reads a 32-bit value from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
+// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint32, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:5])
 	return order.Uint32(d.buf[1:5]), err
 }
 
+// ReadDataI2C reads dataLength bytes from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
+// The data is stored in dataDestination.
 func (d *Device8) ReadDataI2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, dataDestination []byte) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[:1], dataDestination)
 }
 
+// Write8I2C writes a single byte value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
 func (d *Device8) Write8I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr, value uint8) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	d.buf[1] = value
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[:2], nil)
 }
 
+// Write16I2C writes a 16-bit value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
+// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write16I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	order.PutUint16(d.buf[1:3], value)
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:3], nil)
 }
 
+// Write32I2C writes a 32-bit value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
+// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value uint32, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	order.PutUint32(d.buf[1:5], value)
@@ -62,6 +78,7 @@ func (d *Device8) Write32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value
 
 // SPI methods.
 
+// Read8SPI reads a single byte from register addr using the provided SPI bus.
 func (d *Device8) Read8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -69,6 +86,7 @@ func (d *Device8) Read8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	return d.buf[1], err
 }
 
+// Read16SPI reads a 16-bit value from register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint16, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -76,6 +94,7 @@ func (d *Device8) Read16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder)
 	return order.Uint16(d.buf[4:6]), err
 }
 
+// Read32SPI reads a 32-bit value from register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read32SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint32, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -99,6 +118,7 @@ func (d *Device8) ReadDataSPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, dataLength int, auxil
 	return rbuf[1:], err
 }
 
+// Write8SPI writes a single byte value to register addr using the provided SPI bus.
 func (d *Device8) Write8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr, value uint8) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -106,6 +126,7 @@ func (d *Device8) Write8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr, value uint8) error {
 	return bus.Tx(d.buf[:2], nil)
 }
 
+// Write16SPI writes a 16-bit value to register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -113,6 +134,7 @@ func (d *Device8) Write16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint16, order bi
 	return bus.Tx(d.buf[:3], nil)
 }
 
+// Write32SPI writes a 32-bit value to register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write32SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint32, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr

internal/regmap/device8tx.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// Package regmap provides transaction-based interfaces for reading and writing
+// to device registers over I2C and SPI buses with pre-allocated buffers.
+package regmap
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+var (
+	// errNotInTx indicates an operation was attempted outside of an active transaction.
+	errNotInTx = errors.New("device not in Tx")
+
+	// errInTx indicates a transaction was started while another is still active.
+	errInTx = errors.New("device already in Tx")
+
+	// errShortWriteBuffer indicates the write buffer is too small for the requested operation.
+	errShortWriteBuffer = errors.New("device write buffer too short")
+
+	// errShortReadBuffer indicates the read buffer is too small for the requested operation.
+	errShortReadBuffer = errors.New("device read buffer too short")
+)
+
+// Device8Txer wraps a Device8 to provide buffered transaction support for
+// I2C and SPI operations. It maintains pre-allocated buffers to avoid heap
+// allocations during register access operations.
+//
+// Users must call SetBuffers to configure the write and read buffers before
+// initiating transactions.
+type Device8Txer struct {
+	Device8
+	writeBuf []byte // Pre-allocated buffer for write operations
+	readBuf  []byte // Pre-allocated buffer for read operations
+	inTx     bool   // Tracks whether a transaction is currently active
+}
+
+// SetTxBuffers configures the write and read buffers for this device.
+// These buffers are reused across transactions to avoid heap allocations.
+//
+// The writebuf should be large enough to hold the register address plus
+// all data bytes to be written in a single transaction.
+func (d *Device8Txer) SetTxBuffers(writebuf, readbuf []byte) {
+	d.readBuf = readbuf
+	d.writeBuf = writebuf
+}
+
+// Tx8 represents an active transaction for an 8-bit register device.
+// It tracks the write buffer and current offset as data is added to the transaction.
+//
+// Use AddWriteByte or AddWriteData to add data to the transaction, then call
+// DoTxI2C or DoTxSPI to execute the transaction over the bus.
+type Tx8 struct {
+	dw  *Device8Txer // Reference to the parent device
+	off int          // Current offset in the write buffer
+}
+
+// Tx initiates a new transaction for writing to the specified register address.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - writeAddr: The 8-bit register address to write to
+//
+// Returns a Tx8 handle that can be used to add data and execute the transaction.
+//
+// Returns an error if:
+//   - A transaction is already active (errInTx)
+//   - The write buffer is too short (errShortWriteBuffer)
+func (dw *Device8Txer) Tx(writeAddr uint8) (Tx8, error) {
+	if dw.inTx {
+		return Tx8{}, errInTx
+	} else if len(dw.writeBuf) < 1 {
+		return Tx8{}, errShortWriteBuffer
+	}
+	dw.writeBuf[0] = writeAddr
+	return Tx8{dw: dw, off: 1}, nil
+}
+
+// AddWriteData appends multiple bytes to the current transaction's write buffer.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - buf: Variable number of bytes to add to the transaction
+//
+// Returns an error if:
+//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
+//   - The write buffer doesn't have enough space (errShortWriteBuffer)
+func (tx *Tx8) AddWriteData(buf ...byte) error {
+	if !tx.dw.inTx {
+		return errNotInTx
+	}
+	avail := tx.dw.writeBuf[tx.off:]
+	if len(avail) < len(buf) {
+		return errShortWriteBuffer
+	}
+	n := copy(avail, buf)
+	tx.off += n
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddWriteByte appends a single byte to the current transaction's write buffer.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - b: The byte to add to the transaction
+//
+// Returns an error if:
+//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
+//   - The write buffer doesn't have enough space (errShortWriteBuffer)
+func (tx *Tx8) AddWriteByte(b byte) error {
+	if !tx.dw.inTx {
+		return errNotInTx
+	}
+	avail := tx.dw.writeBuf[tx.off:]
+	if len(avail) < 1 {
+		return errShortWriteBuffer
+	}
+	avail[0] = b
+	tx.off++
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DoTxI2C executes the transaction over an I2C bus.
+//
+// This performs a combined write-read I2C transaction, first sending the
+// register address and any data added to the transaction, then reading
+// the specified number of bytes from the device.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - bus: The I2C bus to communicate over
+//   - deviceAddr: The I2C address of the target device
+//   - readLength: Number of bytes to read from the device
+//
+// Returns the read data as a slice of the internal read buffer, valid until
+// the next transaction. The transaction is automatically freed after execution.
+//
+// Returns an error if:
+//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
+//   - The read buffer is too short (errShortReadBuffer)
+//   - The I2C transaction fails
+func (tx *Tx8) DoTxI2C(bus drivers.I2C, deviceAddr uint16, readLength int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if tx.off == 0 || !tx.dw.inTx {
+		return nil, errNotInTx
+	}
+	defer tx.freeTx()
+	if len(tx.dw.readBuf) < readLength {
+		return nil, errShortReadBuffer
+	}
+	rbuf := tx.dw.readBuf[:readLength]
+	err := bus.Tx(deviceAddr, tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], rbuf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rbuf, err
+}
+
+// DoTxSPI executes the transaction over an SPI bus.
+//
+// This performs a full-duplex SPI transaction, simultaneously writing the
+// register address and data while reading the same number of bytes from the device.
+//
+// If no read buffer was configured (readBuf is nil), this performs a write-only
+// transaction and returns nil without error.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - bus: The SPI bus to communicate over
+//
+// Returns the read data as a slice of the internal read buffer (same length as
+// the write data), valid until the next transaction. The transaction is
+// automatically freed after execution.
+//
+// Returns an error if:
+//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
+//   - The read buffer is too short (errShortReadBuffer)
+//   - The SPI transaction fails
+func (tx *Tx8) DoTxSPI(bus drivers.SPI) (readBuf []byte, err error) {
+	if tx.off == 0 || !tx.dw.inTx {
+		return nil, errNotInTx
+	}
+	defer tx.freeTx()
+	if tx.dw.readBuf == nil {
+		err = bus.Tx(tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], nil) // Special case, only use write buffer functionality.
+		return nil, err
+	} else if len(readBuf) < tx.off {
+		return nil, errShortReadBuffer
+	}
+	rbuf := tx.dw.readBuf[:tx.off]
+	err = bus.Tx(tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], rbuf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rbuf, err
+}
+
+// freeTx marks the transaction as complete, allowing a new transaction to be started.
+// This is called internally by DoTxI2C and DoTxSPI after the transaction completes.
+func (tx *Tx8) freeTx() {
+	tx.dw.inTx = false
+}

internal/regmap/i2c-spi.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package regmap
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+// Device8SPI implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an SPI bus.
+// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
+// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
+//
+// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
+type Device8SPI struct {
+	bus   drivers.SPI
+	order binary.ByteOrder
+	d     Device8
+}
+
+// SetBus sets the SPI bus and byte order for the Device8SPI.
+//
+// As a hint, most SPI devices use big-endian (MSB) byte order.
+//   - Big endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x12 followed by 0x34.
+//   - Little endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x34 followed by 0x12.
+func (d *Device8SPI) SetBus(bus drivers.SPI, order binary.ByteOrder) {
+	d.bus = bus
+	d.order = order
+}
+
+// Read8 reads a single byte from register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Read8(addr uint8) (byte, error) {
+	return d.d.Read8SPI(d.bus, addr)
+}
+
+// Read16 reads a 16-bit value from register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Read16(addr uint8) (uint16, error) {
+	return d.d.Read16SPI(d.bus, addr, d.order)
+}
+
+// Read32 reads a 32-bit value from register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Read32(addr uint8) (uint32, error) {
+	return d.d.Read32SPI(d.bus, addr, d.order)
+}
+
+// ReadData reads dataLength bytes from register addr. Due to the internal functioning of
+// SPI, an auxiliary buffer must be provided to perform the operation and avoid memory allocation.
+// The returned slice is a subslice of auxBuffer containing the read data.
+func (d *Device8SPI) ReadData(addr uint8, datalength int, auxBuffer []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	return d.d.ReadDataSPI(d.bus, addr, datalength, auxBuffer)
+}
+
+// Write8 writes a single byte value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Write8(addr, value uint8) error {
+	return d.d.Write8SPI(d.bus, addr, value)
+}
+
+// Write16 writes a 16-bit value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Write16(addr uint8, value uint16) error {
+	return d.d.Write16SPI(d.bus, addr, value, d.order)
+}
+
+// Write32 writes a 32-bit value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8SPI) Write32(addr uint8, value uint32) error {
+	return d.d.Write32SPI(d.bus, addr, value, d.order)
+}
+
+// Device8I2C implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an I2C bus.
+// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
+// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
+//
+// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
+type Device8I2C struct {
+	bus     drivers.I2C
+	i2cAddr uint16
+	order   binary.ByteOrder
+	d       Device8
+}
+
+// SetBus sets the I2C bus, device address, and byte order for the Device8I2C.
+//
+// As a hint, most I2C devices use big-endian (MSB) byte order.
+//   - Big endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x12 followed by 0x34.
+//   - Little endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x34 followed by 0x12.
+func (d *Device8I2C) SetBus(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) {
+	d.bus = bus
+	d.i2cAddr = i2cAddr
+	d.order = order
+}
+
+// Read8 reads a single byte from register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Read8(addr uint8) (byte, error) {
+	return d.d.Read8I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr)
+}
+
+// Read16 reads a 16-bit value from register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Read16(addr uint8) (uint16, error) {
+	return d.d.Read16I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, d.order)
+}
+
+// Read32 reads a 32-bit value from register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Read32(addr uint8) (uint32, error) {
+	return d.d.Read32I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, d.order)
+}
+
+// ReadData reads dataLength bytes from register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) ReadData(addr uint8, dataDestination []byte) error {
+	return d.d.ReadDataI2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, dataDestination)
+}
+
+// Write8 writes a single byte value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Write8(addr, value uint8) error {
+	return d.d.Write8I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value)
+}
+
+// Write16 writes a 16-bit value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Write16(addr uint8, value uint16) error {
+	return d.d.Write16I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value, d.order)
+}
+
+// Write32 writes a 32-bit value to register addr.
+func (d *Device8I2C) Write32(addr uint8, value uint32) error {
+	return d.d.Write32I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value, d.order)
+}

internal/regmap/regmap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package regmap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+func ExampleDevice8Txer() {
+	// Initialization.
+	var dtx Device8Txer
+	dtx.SetTxBuffers(make([]byte, 256), make([]byte, 256))
+
+	// Usage.
+	const (
+		defaultAddr = 65
+		REG_WRITE   = 0x1f
+		IOCTL_CALL  = 0xc0
+	)
+	tx, err := dtx.Tx(REG_WRITE)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	err = tx.AddWriteData(IOCTL_CALL, 0x80, 0x80)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	var bus drivers.I2C
+	readData, err := tx.DoTxI2C(bus, defaultAddr, 20)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(readData)
+}

lis3dh/lis3dh.go

@@ -11,37 +11,57 @@ import (
 // Device wraps an I2C connection to a LIS3DH device.
 type Device struct {
 	bus     drivers.I2C
-	Address uint16
+	address uint16
 	r       Range
+	accel   [6]byte // stored acceleration data (from the Update call)
+}
+
+// Driver configuration, used for the Configure call. All fields are optional.
+type Config struct {
+	Address uint16
 }
 
 // New creates a new LIS3DH connection. The I2C bus must already be configured.
 //
 // This function only creates the Device object, it does not touch the device.
 func New(bus drivers.I2C) Device {
-	return Device{bus: bus, Address: Address0}
+	return Device{bus: bus, address: Address0}
 }
 
 // Configure sets up the device for communication
-func (d *Device) Configure() {
+func (d *Device) Configure(config Config) error {
+	if config.Address != 0 {
+		d.address = config.Address
+	}
+
 	// enable all axes, normal mode
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, []byte{0x07})
+	err := legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, []byte{0x07})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// 400Hz rate
-	d.SetDataRate(DATARATE_400_HZ)
+	err = d.SetDataRate(DATARATE_400_HZ)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// High res & BDU enabled
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, []byte{0x88})
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, []byte{0x88})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// get current range
-	d.r = d.ReadRange()
+	d.r, err = d.ReadRange()
+	return err
 }
 
 // Connected returns whether a LIS3DH has been found.
 // It does a "who am I" request and checks the response.
 func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 	data := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), WHO_AM_I, data)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), WHO_AM_I, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -49,46 +69,51 @@ func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 }
 
 // SetDataRate sets the speed of data collected by the LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) SetDataRate(rate DataRate) {
+func (d *Device) SetDataRate(rate DataRate) error {
 	ctl1 := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
 	if err != nil {
-		println(err.Error())
+		return err
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	ctl1[0] &^= 0xf0
 	ctl1[0] |= (byte(rate) << 4)
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
+	return legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
 }
 
 // SetRange sets the G range for LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) SetRange(r Range) {
+func (d *Device) SetRange(r Range) error {
 	ctl := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
 	if err != nil {
-		println(err.Error())
+		return err
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	ctl[0] &^= 0x30
 	ctl[0] |= (byte(r) << 4)
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// store the new range
 	d.r = r
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ReadRange returns the current G range for LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range) {
+func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range, err error) {
 	ctl := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
 	if err != nil {
-		println(err.Error())
+		return 0, err
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	r = Range(ctl[0] >> 4)
 	r &= 0x03
 
-	return r
+	return r, nil
 }
 
 // ReadAcceleration reads the current acceleration from the device and returns
@@ -96,28 +121,17 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range) {
 // and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
 // -1000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (int32, int32, int32, error) {
-	x, y, z := d.ReadRawAcceleration()
-	divider := float32(1)
-	switch d.r {
-	case RANGE_16_G:
-		divider = 1365
-	case RANGE_8_G:
-		divider = 4096
-	case RANGE_4_G:
-		divider = 8190
-	case RANGE_2_G:
-		divider = 16380
-	}
-
-	return int32(float32(x) / divider * 1000000), int32(float32(y) / divider * 1000000), int32(float32(z) / divider * 1000000), nil
+	rawX, rawY, rawZ := d.ReadRawAcceleration()
+	x, y, z := normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ, d.r)
+	return x, y, z, nil
 }
 
 // ReadRawAcceleration returns the raw x, y and z axis from the LIS3DH
 func (d *Device) ReadRawAcceleration() (x int16, y int16, z int16) {
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
 
 	data := []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
-	d.bus.Tx(d.Address, nil, data)
+	d.bus.Tx(d.address, nil, data)
 
 	x = int16((uint16(data[1]) << 8) | uint16(data[0]))
 	y = int16((uint16(data[3]) << 8) | uint16(data[2]))
@@ -125,3 +139,68 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRawAcceleration() (x int16, y int16, z int16) {
 
 	return
 }
+
+// Update the sensor values of the 'which' parameter. Only acceleration is
+// supported at the moment.
+func (d *Device) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
+	if which&drivers.Acceleration != 0 {
+		// Read raw acceleration values and store them in the driver.
+		err := legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = d.bus.Tx(d.address, nil, d.accel[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Acceleration returns the last read acceleration in µg (micro-gravity).
+// When one of the axes is pointing straight to Earth and the sensor is not
+// moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or -1000000.
+func (d *Device) Acceleration() (x, y, z int32) {
+	// Extract the raw 16-bit values.
+	rawX := int16((uint16(d.accel[1]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[0]))
+	rawY := int16((uint16(d.accel[3]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[2]))
+	rawZ := int16((uint16(d.accel[5]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[4]))
+
+	// Normalize these values, to be in µg (micro-gravity).
+	return normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ, d.r)
+}
+
+// Convert raw 16-bit values to normalized 32-bit values while avoiding floats
+// and divisions.
+func normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ int16, r Range) (x, y, z int32) {
+	// We're going to convert the 16-bit raw values to values in the range
+	// -1000_000..1000_000. For now we're going to assume a range of 16G, we'll
+	// adjust that range later.
+	// The formula is derived as follows, and carefully selected to avoid
+	// overflow and integer divisions (the division will be optimized to a
+	// bitshift):
+	//   x = x * 1000_000      / 2048
+	//   x = x * (1000_000/64) / (2048/64)
+	//   x = x * 15625         / 32
+	x = int32(rawX) * 15625 / 32
+	y = int32(rawY) * 15625 / 32
+	z = int32(rawZ) * 15625 / 32
+
+	// Now we need to normalize the three values, since we assumed 16G before.
+	shift := uint32(0)
+	switch r {
+	case RANGE_16_G:
+		shift = 0
+	case RANGE_8_G:
+		shift = 1
+	case RANGE_4_G:
+		shift = 2
+	case RANGE_2_G:
+		shift = 3
+	}
+	x >>= shift
+	y >>= shift
+	z >>= shift
+
+	return
+}

lsm9ds1/lsm9ds1.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type AccelRange uint8
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ type Device struct {
 	accelMultiplier int32
 	gyroMultiplier  int32
 	magMultiplier   int32
-	buf             [6]uint8
+	buf             [7]uint8 // up to 6 bytes for read + 1 byte for the register address
 }
 
 // Configuration for LSM9DS1 device.
@@ -61,10 +60,15 @@ func New(bus drivers.I2C) *Device {
 // Case of boolean false and error nil means I2C is up,
 // but "who am I" responses have unexpected values.
 func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
-	data1, data2 := d.buf[:1], d.buf[1:2]
-	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, WHO_AM_I, data1)
-	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, WHO_AM_I_M, data2)
-	return data1[0] == 0x68 && data2[0] == 0x3D
+	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, WHO_AM_I, 1)
+	if err != nil || data[0] != 0x68 {
+		return false
+	}
+	data, err = d.readBytes(d.MagAddress, WHO_AM_I_M, 1)
+	if err != nil || data[0] != 0x3D {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
 }
 
 // ReadAcceleration reads the current acceleration from the device and returns
@@ -72,8 +76,7 @@ func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 // and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
 // -1000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:6]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_X_L_XL, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_X_L_XL, 6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -88,8 +91,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 // rotation along one axis and while doing so integrate all values over time,
 // you would get a value close to 360000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:6]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_X_L_G, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_X_L_G, 6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -102,8 +104,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 // ReadMagneticField reads the current magnetic field from the device and returns
 // it in nT (nanotesla). 1 G (gauss) = 100_000 nT (nanotesla).
 func (d *Device) ReadMagneticField() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:6]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), OUT_X_L_M, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(d.MagAddress, OUT_X_L_M, 6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -115,8 +116,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadMagneticField() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 
 // ReadTemperature returns the temperature in Celsius milli degrees (°C/1000)
 func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (t int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:2]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_TEMP_L, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_TEMP_L, 2)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -167,20 +167,16 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 		d.magMultiplier = 58
 	}
 
-	data := d.buf[:1]
-
 	// Configure accelerometer
 	// Sample rate & measurement range
-	data[0] = uint8(cfg.AccelSampleRate)<<5 | uint8(cfg.AccelRange)<<3
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG6_XL, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG6_XL, uint8(cfg.AccelSampleRate)<<5|uint8(cfg.AccelRange)<<3)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Configure gyroscope
 	// Sample rate & measurement range
-	data[0] = uint8(cfg.GyroSampleRate)<<5 | uint8(cfg.GyroRange)<<3
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG1_G, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG1_G, uint8(cfg.GyroSampleRate)<<5|uint8(cfg.GyroRange)<<3)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -190,33 +186,44 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 	// Temperature compensation enabled
 	// High-performance mode XY axis
 	// Sample rate
-	data[0] = 0b10000000 | 0b01000000 | uint8(cfg.MagSampleRate)<<2
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG1_M, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG1_M, 0b10000000|0b01000000|uint8(cfg.MagSampleRate)<<2)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Measurement range
-	data[0] = uint8(cfg.MagRange) << 5
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG2_M, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG2_M, uint8(cfg.MagRange)<<5)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Continuous-conversion mode
 	// https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/237397/continuous-conversion-vs-single-conversion-mode
-	data[0] = 0b00000000
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG3_M, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG3_M, 0b00000000)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// High-performance mode Z axis
-	data[0] = 0b00001000
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG4_M, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG4_M, 0b00001000)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (d *Device) readBytes(addr, reg, size uint8) ([]byte, error) {
+	d.buf[0] = reg
+	err := d.bus.Tx(uint16(addr), d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:size+1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return d.buf[1 : size+1], nil
+}
+
+func (d *Device) writeByte(addr, reg, value uint8) error {
+	d.buf[0] = reg
+	d.buf[1] = value
+	return d.bus.Tx(uint16(addr), d.buf[0:2], nil)
+}

max6675/max6675.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package max6675
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"machine"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
@@ -13,16 +14,16 @@ var ErrThermocoupleOpen = errors.New("thermocouple input open")
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus drivers.SPI
-	cs  drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	cs  machine.Pin
 }
 
 // Create a new Device to read from a MAX6675 thermocouple.
 // Pins must be configured before use.  Frequency for SPI
 // should be 4.3MHz maximum.
-func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs machine.Pin) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus: bus,
-		cs:  cs.Set,
+		cs:  cs,
 	}
 }
 

max72xx/max72xx.go

@@ -3,35 +3,31 @@
 package max72xx
 
 import (
+	"machine"
+
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Device struct {
-	bus           drivers.SPI
-	cs            drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	configurePins func()
+	bus drivers.SPI
+	cs  machine.Pin
 }
 
 // NewDriver creates a new max7219 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured
 // The SPI frequency must not be higher than 10MHz.
 // parameter cs: the datasheet also refers to this pin as "load" pin.
-func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs machine.Pin) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus: bus,
-		cs:  cs.Set,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(cs)
-		},
+		cs:  cs,
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure setups the pins.
 func (driver *Device) Configure() {
-	if driver.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	driver.configurePins()
+	outPutConfig := machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput}
+
+	driver.cs.Configure(outPutConfig)
 }
 
 // SetScanLimit sets the scan limit. Maximum is 8.

mcp2515/mcp2515.go

@@ -8,19 +8,18 @@ package mcp2515 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/mcp2515"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 // Device wraps MCP2515 SPI CAN Module.
 type Device struct {
-	spi           SPI
-	cs            drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	msg           *CANMsg
-	mcpMode       byte
-	configurePins func()
+	spi     SPI
+	cs      machine.Pin
+	msg     *CANMsg
+	mcpMode byte
 }
 
 // CANMsg stores CAN message fields.
@@ -37,18 +36,15 @@ const (
 )
 
 // New returns a new MCP2515 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin machine.Pin) *Device {
 	d := &Device{
 		spi: SPI{
 			bus: b,
 			tx:  make([]byte, 0, bufferSize),
 			rx:  make([]byte, 0, bufferSize),
 		},
-		cs:  csPin.Set,
+		cs:  csPin,
 		msg: &CANMsg{},
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-		},
 	}
 
 	return d
@@ -56,10 +52,7 @@ func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
 
 // Configure sets up the device for communication.
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 }
 
 const beginTimeoutValue int = 10

pcd8544/pcd8544.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package pcd8544 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/pcd8544"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
@@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ import (
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus        drivers.SPI
-	dcPin      drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rstPin     drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	scePin     drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	dcPin      machine.Pin
+	rstPin     machine.Pin
+	scePin     machine.Pin
 	buffer     []byte
 	width      int16
 	height     int16
@@ -29,12 +30,12 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new PCD8544 connection. The SPI bus must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, rstPin, scePin drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, rstPin, scePin machine.Pin) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus:    bus,
-		dcPin:  dcPin.Set,
-		rstPin: rstPin.Set,
-		scePin: scePin.Set,
+		dcPin:  dcPin,
+		rstPin: rstPin,
+		scePin: scePin,
 	}
 }
 

pin.go

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package drivers
-
-// PinOutput represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can output a digital signal.
-type PinOutput interface {
-	Set(level bool)
-}
-
-// PinInput represents a pin hardware abstraction layer.
-type PinInput interface {
-	Get() (level bool)
-}
-
-// PinOutputFunc is hardware abstraction for a function that causes pin to output a
-// digital signal (high or low level).
-//
-//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to drivers.PinOutputFunc
-//	led := machine.LED
-//	led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-//	var pin drivers.PinOutputFunc = led.Set // Going from a machine.Pin to a drivers.PinOutputFunc
-type PinOutputFunc func(level bool)
-
-// High sets the underlying pin's level to high. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(true).
-func (po PinOutputFunc) High() {
-	po(true)
-}
-
-// Low sets the underlying pin's level to low. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(false).
-func (po PinOutputFunc) Low() {
-	po(false)
-}
-
-// PinInputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which receives a
-// digital signal and reads it (high or low level).
-//
-//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to drivers.PinInputFunc
-//	input := machine.LED
-//	input.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown}) // or use machine.PinInputPullup or machine.PinInput
-//	var pin drivers.PinInputFunc = input.Get // Going from a machine.Pin to a drivers.PinInputFunc
-type PinInputFunc func() (level bool)

shiftregister/shiftregister.go

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 package shiftregister
 
 import (
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
+	"machine"
 )
 
 type NumberBit int8
@@ -17,10 +16,9 @@ const (
 
 // Device holds pin number
 type Device struct {
-	latch, clock, out drivers.PinOutputFunc // IC wiring
-	config            func()
-	bits              NumberBit // Pin number
-	mask              uint32    // keep all pins state
+	latch, clock, out machine.Pin // IC wiring
+	bits              NumberBit   // Pin number
+	mask              uint32      // keep all pins state
 }
 
 // ShiftPin is the implementation of the ShiftPin interface.
@@ -31,25 +29,20 @@ type ShiftPin struct {
 }
 
 // New returns a new shift output register device
-func New(Bits NumberBit, Latch, Clock, Out drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func New(Bits NumberBit, Latch, Clock, Out machine.Pin) *Device {
 	return &Device{
-		latch: Latch.Set,
-		clock: Clock.Set,
-		out:   Out.Set,
+		latch: Latch,
+		clock: Clock,
+		out:   Out,
 		bits:  Bits,
-		config: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(Latch)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(Clock)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(Out)
-		},
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure set hardware configuration
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	if d.config == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
+	d.latch.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.clock.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.out.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	d.latch.High()
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ func (d *Device) WriteMask(mask uint32) {
 	d.latch.Low()
 	for i := 0; i < int(d.bits); i++ {
 		d.clock.Low()
-		d.out(mask&1 != 0)
+		d.out.Set(mask&1 != 0)
 		mask = mask >> 1
 		d.clock.High()
 	}

ssd1289/pinbus.go

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build baremetal
-
 package ssd1289
 
 import "machine"

ssd1289/ssd1289.go

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	"machine"
 	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Bus interface {
@@ -17,10 +14,10 @@ type Bus interface {
 }
 
 type Device struct {
-	rs  drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	wr  drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	cs  drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	rs  machine.Pin
+	wr  machine.Pin
+	cs  machine.Pin
+	rst machine.Pin
 	bus Bus
 }
 
@@ -29,20 +26,21 @@ const height = int16(320)
 
 func New(rs machine.Pin, wr machine.Pin, cs machine.Pin, rst machine.Pin, bus Bus) Device {
 	d := Device{
-		rs:  rs.Set,
-		wr:  wr.Set,
-		cs:  cs.Set,
-		rst: rst.Set,
+		rs:  rs,
+		wr:  wr,
+		cs:  cs,
+		rst: rst,
 		bus: bus,
 	}
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rs)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(wr)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(cs)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rst)
 
-	cs.Set(true)
-	rst.Set(true)
-	wr.Set(true)
+	rs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	wr.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+
+	cs.High()
+	rst.High()
+	wr.High()
 
 	return d
 }

ssd1331/ssd1331.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Model uint8
@@ -20,9 +19,9 @@ type Rotation uint8
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus         drivers.SPI
-	dcPin       drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	resetPin    drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	csPin       drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	dcPin       machine.Pin
+	resetPin    machine.Pin
+	csPin       machine.Pin
 	width       int16
 	height      int16
 	batchLength int16
@@ -38,14 +37,14 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // New creates a new SSD1331 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
 func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(resetPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
-		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
-		csPin:    csPin.Set,
+		dcPin:    dcPin,
+		resetPin: resetPin,
+		csPin:    csPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 

ssd1351/ssd1351.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package ssd1351 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1351"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -19,18 +19,17 @@ var (
 
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
-	bus           drivers.SPI
-	dcPin         drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	resetPin      drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	csPin         drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	enPin         drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rwPin         drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	configurePins func()
-	width         int16
-	height        int16
-	rowOffset     int16
-	columnOffset  int16
-	bufferLength  int16
+	bus          drivers.SPI
+	dcPin        machine.Pin
+	resetPin     machine.Pin
+	csPin        machine.Pin
+	enPin        machine.Pin
+	rwPin        machine.Pin
+	width        int16
+	height       int16
+	rowOffset    int16
+	columnOffset int16
+	bufferLength int16
 }
 
 // Config is the configuration for the display
@@ -42,29 +41,19 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new SSD1351 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, enPin, rwPin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, enPin, rwPin machine.Pin) Device {
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
-		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
-		csPin:    csPin.Set,
-		enPin:    enPin.Set,
-		rwPin:    rwPin.Set,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(resetPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(enPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rwPin)
-		},
+		dcPin:    dcPin,
+		resetPin: resetPin,
+		csPin:    csPin,
+		enPin:    enPin,
+		rwPin:    rwPin,
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure initializes the display with default configuration
 func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
 	if cfg.Width == 0 {
 		cfg.Width = 128
 	}
@@ -84,7 +73,11 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	}
 
 	// configure GPIO pins
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.enPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.rwPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 
 	// reset the device
 	d.resetPin.High()
@@ -285,7 +278,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
 	d.csPin.Low()
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 	d.csPin.High()

st7735/st7735.go

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ package st7735 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7735"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ type Device = DeviceOf[pixel.RGB565BE]
 // formats.
 type DeviceOf[T Color] struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	dcPin        drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	resetPin     drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	csPin        drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	blPin        drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	dcPin        machine.Pin
+	resetPin     machine.Pin
+	csPin        machine.Pin
+	blPin        machine.Pin
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
 	columnOffset int16
@@ -65,23 +65,23 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7735 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
 	return NewOf[pixel.RGB565BE](bus, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
 }
 
 // NewOf creates a new ST7735 connection with a particular pixel format. The SPI
 // wire must already be configured.
-func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) DeviceOf[T] {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(resetPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(blPin)
+func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) DeviceOf[T] {
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	return DeviceOf[T]{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
-		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
-		csPin:    csPin.Set,
-		blPin:    blPin.Set,
+		dcPin:    dcPin,
+		resetPin: resetPin,
+		csPin:    csPin,
+		blPin:    blPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 

st7789/st7789.go

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ package st7789 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7789"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ type Device = DeviceOf[pixel.RGB565BE]
 // formats.
 type DeviceOf[T Color] struct {
 	bus             drivers.SPI
-	dcPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	resetPin        drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	csPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	blPin           drivers.PinOutputFunc
+	dcPin           machine.Pin
+	resetPin        machine.Pin
+	csPin           machine.Pin
+	blPin           machine.Pin
 	width           int16
 	height          int16
 	columnOffsetCfg int16
@@ -83,27 +83,23 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7789 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
 	return NewOf[pixel.RGB565BE](bus, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
 }
 
 // NewOf creates a new ST7789 connection with a particular pixel format. The SPI
 // wire must already be configured.
-func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) DeviceOf[T] {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(resetPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(blPin)
-	var cs drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	if !legacy.PinIsNoPin(csPin) {
-		cs = csPin.Set
-	}
+func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) DeviceOf[T] {
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
 	return DeviceOf[T]{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
-		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
-		csPin:    cs,
-		blPin:    blPin.Set,
+		dcPin:    dcPin,
+		resetPin: resetPin,
+		csPin:    csPin,
+		blPin:    blPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) sendCommand(command uint8, data []byte) error {
 // startWrite must be called at the beginning of all exported methods to set the
 // chip select pin low.
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) startWrite() {
-	if d.csPin != nil {
+	if d.csPin != machine.NoPin {
 		d.csPin.Low()
 	}
 }
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) startWrite() {
 // endWrite must be called at the end of all exported methods to set the chip
 // select pin high.
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) endWrite() {
-	if d.csPin != nil {
+	if d.csPin != machine.NoPin {
 		d.csPin.High()
 	}
 }

sx127x/sx127x.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package sx127x
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
@@ -20,15 +21,15 @@ const (
 
 // Device wraps an SPI connection to a SX127x device.
 type Device struct {
-	spi            drivers.SPI           // SPI bus for module communication
-	rstPin         drivers.PinOutputFunc // GPIO for reset
-	radioEventChan chan lora.RadioEvent  // Channel for Receiving events
-	loraConf       lora.Config           // Current Lora configuration
-	controller     RadioController       // to manage interactions with the radio
-	deepSleep      bool                  // Internal Sleep state
-	deviceType     int                   // sx1261,sx1262,sx1268 (defaults sx1261)
-	spiTxBuf       []byte                // global Tx buffer to avoid heap allocations in interrupt
-	spiRxBuf       []byte                // global Rx buffer to avoid heap allocations in interrupt
+	spi            drivers.SPI          // SPI bus for module communication
+	rstPin         machine.Pin          // GPIO for reset
+	radioEventChan chan lora.RadioEvent // Channel for Receiving events
+	loraConf       lora.Config          // Current Lora configuration
+	controller     RadioController      // to manage interactions with the radio
+	deepSleep      bool                 // Internal Sleep state
+	deviceType     int                  // sx1261,sx1262,sx1268 (defaults sx1261)
+	spiTxBuf       []byte               // global Tx buffer to avoid heap allocations in interrupt
+	spiRxBuf       []byte               // global Rx buffer to avoid heap allocations in interrupt
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
@@ -42,10 +43,10 @@ func (d *Device) GetRadioEventChan() chan lora.RadioEvent {
 }
 
 // New creates a new SX127x connection. The SPI bus must already be configured.
-func New(spi drivers.SPI, rstPin drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
+func New(spi drivers.SPI, rstPin machine.Pin) *Device {
 	k := Device{
 		spi:            spi,
-		rstPin:         rstPin.Set,
+		rstPin:         rstPin,
 		radioEventChan: make(chan lora.RadioEvent, RADIOEVENTCHAN_SIZE),
 		spiTxBuf:       make([]byte, SPI_BUFFER_SIZE),
 		spiRxBuf:       make([]byte, SPI_BUFFER_SIZE),

uc8151/uc8151.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus                      drivers.SPI
-	cs                       drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc                       drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst                      drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy                   drivers.PinInputFunc
+	cs                       pin.OutputFunc
+	dc                       pin.OutputFunc
+	rst                      pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy                   pin.InputFunc
 	width                    int16
 	height                   int16
 	buffer                   []uint8
@@ -49,7 +50,12 @@ type Device struct {
 type Speed uint8
 
 // New returns a new uc8151 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
+// Pins passed in must be configured beforehand.
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	// For backwards compatibility.
+	// This driver used to configure pins,
+	// so leave in to not break users.
+	// May be removed in future so try not to depend on it!
 	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
 	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
 	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)

waveshare-epd/epd1in54/epd1in54.go

@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	"machine"
 	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -25,14 +22,14 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 type Device struct {
-	bus           *machine.SPI
-	cs            drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc            drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy        drivers.PinInputFunc
-	configurePins func()
-	buffer        []uint8
-	rotation      Rotation
+	bus  *machine.SPI
+	cs   machine.Pin
+	dc   machine.Pin
+	rst  machine.Pin
+	busy machine.Pin
+
+	buffer   []uint8
+	rotation Rotation
 }
 
 type Rotation uint8
@@ -82,28 +79,22 @@ var partialRefresh = [159]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd1in54 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus *machine.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
+func New(bus *machine.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
 	return Device{
 		buffer: make([]uint8, (uint32(Width)*uint32(Height))/8),
 		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
-		configurePins: func() {
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-			legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
-		},
+		cs:     csPin,
+		dc:     dcPin,
+		rst:    rstPin,
+		busy:   busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
 func (d *Device) LDirInit(cfg Config) {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 
 	d.bus.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
 		Frequency: 2000000,
@@ -159,10 +150,10 @@ func (d *Device) LDirInit(cfg Config) {
 }
 
 func (d *Device) HDirInit(cfg Config) {
-	if d.configurePins == nil {
-		panic(legacy.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
-	}
-	d.configurePins()
+	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 
 	d.bus.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
 		Frequency: 2000000,
@@ -378,7 +369,7 @@ func (d *Device) Clear() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.isBusy() {
+	for d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
@@ -386,7 +377,7 @@ func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in13/epd2in13.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package epd2in13 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in13"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst          drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy       drivers.PinInputFunc
+	cs           machine.Pin
+	dc           machine.Pin
+	rst          machine.Pin
+	busy         machine.Pin
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ var lutPartialUpdate = [30]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd2in13x driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 	return Device{
-		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		bus:  bus,
+		cs:   csPin,
+		dc:   dcPin,
+		rst:  rstPin,
+		busy: busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -298,14 +298,14 @@ func (d *Device) setMemoryPointer(x int16, y int16) {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.isBusy() {
+	for d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in13x/epd2in13x.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package epd2in13x // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in13x"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst          drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy       drivers.PinInputFunc
+	cs           machine.Pin
+	dc           machine.Pin
+	rst          machine.Pin
+	busy         machine.Pin
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
 	buffer       [][]uint8
@@ -33,17 +33,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Color uint8
 
 // New returns a new epd2in13x driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 	return Device{
-		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		bus:  bus,
+		cs:   csPin,
+		dc:   dcPin,
+		rst:  rstPin,
+		busy: busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -277,14 +277,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for !d.isBusy() {
+	for !d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in66b/dev.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package epd2in66b
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
@@ -17,12 +18,19 @@ const (
 
 const Baudrate = 4_000_000 // 4 MHz
 
+type Config struct {
+	ResetPin      machine.Pin
+	DataPin       machine.Pin
+	ChipSelectPin machine.Pin
+	BusyPin       machine.Pin
+}
+
 type Device struct {
-	bus    drivers.SPI
-	cs     drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc     drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst    drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy drivers.PinInputFunc
+	bus  drivers.SPI
+	cs   machine.Pin
+	dc   machine.Pin
+	rst  machine.Pin
+	busy machine.Pin
 
 	blackBuffer []byte
 	redBuffer   []byte
@@ -42,6 +50,21 @@ func New(bus drivers.SPI) Device {
 	}
 }
 
+// Configure configures the device and its pins.
+func (d *Device) Configure(c Config) error {
+	d.cs = c.ChipSelectPin
+	d.dc = c.DataPin
+	d.rst = c.ResetPin
+	d.busy = c.BusyPin
+
+	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (d *Device) Size() (x, y int16) {
 	return displayWidth, displayHeight
 }
@@ -206,7 +229,7 @@ func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
 	// give it some time to get busy
 	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
 
-	for d.isBusy() { // high = busy
+	for d.busy.Get() { // high = busy
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 

waveshare-epd/epd2in66b/dev_baremetal.go

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-//go:build baremetal
-
-package epd2in66b
-
-import "machine"
-
-type Config struct {
-	ResetPin      machine.Pin
-	DataPin       machine.Pin
-	ChipSelectPin machine.Pin
-	BusyPin       machine.Pin
-}
-
-// Configure configures the device and its pins.
-func (d *Device) Configure(c Config) error {
-	cs := c.ChipSelectPin
-	dc := c.DataPin
-	rst := c.ResetPin
-	busy := c.BusyPin
-
-	cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
-	d.cs = cs.Set
-	d.dc = dc.Set
-	d.rst = rst.Set
-	d.isBusy = busy.Get
-	return nil
-}

waveshare-epd/epd2in9/epd2in9.go

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ package epd2in9 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in9"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst          drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy       drivers.PinInputFunc
+	cs           machine.Pin
+	dc           machine.Pin
+	rst          machine.Pin
+	busy         machine.Pin
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -61,17 +61,17 @@ var lutPartialUpdate = [30]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd2in9 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 	return Device{
-		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		bus:  bus,
+		cs:   csPin,
+		dc:   dcPin,
+		rst:  rstPin,
+		busy: busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ func (d *Device) setMemoryPointer(x int16, y int16) {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.isBusy() {
+	for d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd4in2/epd4in2.go

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ package epd4in2
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	dc           drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	rst          drivers.PinOutputFunc
-	isBusy       drivers.PinInputFunc
+	cs           machine.Pin
+	dc           machine.Pin
+	rst          machine.Pin
+	busy         machine.Pin
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Rotation uint8
 
 // New returns a new epd4in2 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin drivers.PinOutput, busyPin drivers.PinInput) Device {
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 	return Device{
-		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		bus:  bus,
+		cs:   csPin,
+		dc:   dcPin,
+		rst:  rstPin,
+		busy: busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.isBusy() {
+	for d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)