runtime: implement precise GC

This implements the block-based GC as a partially precise GC. This means
that for most heap allocations it is known which words contain a pointer
and which don't. This should in theory make the GC faster (because it
can skip non-pointer object) and have fewer false positives in a GC
cycle. It does however use a bit more RAM to store the layout of each
object.

Right now this GC seems to be slower than the conservative GC, but
should be less likely to run out of memory as a result of false
positives.

compileopts/config.go

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func (c *Config) CgoEnabled() bool {
 }
 
 // GC returns the garbage collection strategy in use on this platform. Valid
-// values are "none", "leaking", and "conservative".
+// values are "none", "leaking", "conservative" and "precise".
 func (c *Config) GC() string {
 	if c.Options.GC != "" {
 		return c.Options.GC
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (c *Config) GC() string {
 // that can be traced by the garbage collector.
 func (c *Config) NeedsStackObjects() bool {
 	switch c.GC() {
-	case "conservative":
+	case "conservative", "precise":
 		for _, tag := range c.BuildTags() {
 			if tag == "tinygo.wasm" {
 				return true

compileopts/options.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	validGCOptions            = []string{"none", "leaking", "conservative"}
+	validGCOptions            = []string{"none", "leaking", "conservative", "precise"}
 	validSchedulerOptions     = []string{"none", "tasks", "asyncify"}
 	validSerialOptions        = []string{"none", "uart", "usb"}
 	validPrintSizeOptions     = []string{"none", "short", "full"}

compileopts/options_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestVerifyOptions(t *testing.T) {
 
-	expectedGCError := errors.New(`invalid gc option 'incorrect': valid values are none, leaking, conservative`)
+	expectedGCError := errors.New(`invalid gc option 'incorrect': valid values are none, leaking, conservative, precise`)
 	expectedSchedulerError := errors.New(`invalid scheduler option 'incorrect': valid values are none, tasks, asyncify`)
 	expectedPrintSizeError := errors.New(`invalid size option 'incorrect': valid values are none, short, full`)
 	expectedPanicStrategyError := errors.New(`invalid panic option 'incorrect': valid values are print, trap`)

compileopts/target.go

@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ func defaultTarget(goos, goarch, triple string) (*TargetSpec, error) {
 		GOOS:             goos,
 		GOARCH:           goarch,
 		BuildTags:        []string{goos, goarch},
+		GC:               "precise",
 		Scheduler:        "tasks",
 		Linker:           "cc",
 		DefaultStackSize: 1024 * 64, // 64kB