drivers/net/http/client.go

package http

import (
	"io"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// A Client is an HTTP client. Its zero value (DefaultClient) is a
// usable client that uses DefaultTransport.
//
// The Client's Transport typically has internal state (cached TCP
// connections), so Clients should be reused instead of created as
// needed. Clients are safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
//
// A Client is higher-level than a RoundTripper (such as Transport)
// and additionally handles HTTP details such as cookies and
// redirects.
//
// When following redirects, the Client will forward all headers set on the
// initial Request except:
//
// • when forwarding sensitive headers like "Authorization",
// "WWW-Authenticate", and "Cookie" to untrusted targets.
// These headers will be ignored when following a redirect to a domain
// that is not a subdomain match or exact match of the initial domain.
// For example, a redirect from "foo.com" to either "foo.com" or "sub.foo.com"
// will forward the sensitive headers, but a redirect to "bar.com" will not.
//
// • when forwarding the "Cookie" header with a non-nil cookie Jar.
// Since each redirect may mutate the state of the cookie jar,
// a redirect may possibly alter a cookie set in the initial request.
// When forwarding the "Cookie" header, any mutated cookies will be omitted,
// with the expectation that the Jar will insert those mutated cookies
// with the updated values (assuming the origin matches).
// If Jar is nil, the initial cookies are forwarded without change.
type Client struct {
	// Transport specifies the mechanism by which individual
	// HTTP requests are made.
	// If nil, DefaultTransport is used.
	Transport RoundTripper

	// CheckRedirect specifies the policy for handling redirects.
	// If CheckRedirect is not nil, the client calls it before
	// following an HTTP redirect. The arguments req and via are
	// the upcoming request and the requests made already, oldest
	// first. If CheckRedirect returns an error, the Client's Get
	// method returns both the previous Response (with its Body
	// closed) and CheckRedirect's error (wrapped in a url.Error)
	// instead of issuing the Request req.
	// As a special case, if CheckRedirect returns ErrUseLastResponse,
	// then the most recent response is returned with its body
	// unclosed, along with a nil error.
	//
	// If CheckRedirect is nil, the Client uses its default policy,
	// which is to stop after 10 consecutive requests.
	CheckRedirect func(req *Request, via []*Request) error

	// Jar specifies the cookie jar.
	//
	// The Jar is used to insert relevant cookies into every
	// outbound Request and is updated with the cookie values
	// of every inbound Response. The Jar is consulted for every
	// redirect that the Client follows.
	//
	// If Jar is nil, cookies are only sent if they are explicitly
	// set on the Request.
	Jar CookieJar

	// Timeout specifies a time limit for requests made by this
	// Client. The timeout includes connection time, any
	// redirects, and reading the response body. The timer remains
	// running after Get, Head, Post, or Do return and will
	// interrupt reading of the Response.Body.
	//
	// A Timeout of zero means no timeout.
	//
	// The Client cancels requests to the underlying Transport
	// as if the Request's Context ended.
	//
	// For compatibility, the Client will also use the deprecated
	// CancelRequest method on Transport if found. New
	// RoundTripper implementations should use the Request's Context
	// for cancellation instead of implementing CancelRequest.
	Timeout time.Duration
}

// DefaultClient is the default Client and is used by Get, Head, and Post.
var DefaultClient = &Client{}

// RoundTripper is an interface representing the ability to execute a
// single HTTP transaction, obtaining the Response for a given Request.
//
// A RoundTripper must be safe for concurrent use by multiple
// goroutines.
type RoundTripper interface {
	// RoundTrip executes a single HTTP transaction, returning
	// a Response for the provided Request.
	//
	// RoundTrip should not attempt to interpret the response. In
	// particular, RoundTrip must return err == nil if it obtained
	// a response, regardless of the response's HTTP status code.
	// A non-nil err should be reserved for failure to obtain a
	// response. Similarly, RoundTrip should not attempt to
	// handle higher-level protocol details such as redirects,
	// authentication, or cookies.
	//
	// RoundTrip should not modify the request, except for
	// consuming and closing the Request's Body. RoundTrip may
	// read fields of the request in a separate goroutine. Callers
	// should not mutate or reuse the request until the Response's
	// Body has been closed.
	//
	// RoundTrip must always close the body, including on errors,
	// but depending on the implementation may do so in a separate
	// goroutine even after RoundTrip returns. This means that
	// callers wanting to reuse the body for subsequent requests
	// must arrange to wait for the Close call before doing so.
	//
	// The Request's URL and Header fields must be initialized.
	RoundTrip(*Request) (*Response, error)
}

// Get issues a GET to the specified URL. If the response is one of
// the following redirect codes, Get follows the redirect, up to a
// maximum of 10 redirects:
//
//	301 (Moved Permanently)
//	302 (Found)
//	303 (See Other)
//	307 (Temporary Redirect)
//	308 (Permanent Redirect)
//
// An error is returned if there were too many redirects or if there
// was an HTTP protocol error. A non-2xx response doesn't cause an
// error. Any returned error will be of type *url.Error. The url.Error
// value's Timeout method will report true if request timed out or was
// canceled.
//
// When err is nil, resp always contains a non-nil resp.Body.
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// Get is a wrapper around DefaultClient.Get.
//
// To make a request with custom headers, use NewRequest and
// DefaultClient.Do.
func Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
	return DefaultClient.Get(url)
}

// Get issues a GET to the specified URL. If the response is one of the
// following redirect codes, Get follows the redirect after calling the
// Client's CheckRedirect function:
//
//	301 (Moved Permanently)
//	302 (Found)
//	303 (See Other)
//	307 (Temporary Redirect)
//	308 (Permanent Redirect)
//
// An error is returned if the Client's CheckRedirect function fails
// or if there was an HTTP protocol error. A non-2xx response doesn't
// cause an error. Any returned error will be of type *url.Error. The
// url.Error value's Timeout method will report true if the request
// timed out.
//
// When err is nil, resp always contains a non-nil resp.Body.
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// To make a request with custom headers, use NewRequest and Client.Do.
func (c *Client) Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
	req, err := NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return c.Do(req)
}

// Post issues a POST to the specified URL.
//
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// If the provided body is an io.Closer, it is closed after the
// request.
//
// Post is a wrapper around DefaultClient.Post.
//
// To set custom headers, use NewRequest and DefaultClient.Do.
//
// See the Client.Do method documentation for details on how redirects
// are handled.
func Post(url, contentType string, body io.Reader) (resp *Response, err error) {
	return DefaultClient.Post(url, contentType, body)
}

// Post issues a POST to the specified URL.
//
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// If the provided body is an io.Closer, it is closed after the
// request.
//
// To set custom headers, use NewRequest and Client.Do.
//
// See the Client.Do method documentation for details on how redirects
// are handled.
func (c *Client) Post(url, contentType string, body io.Reader) (resp *Response, err error) {
	req, err := NewRequest("POST", url, body)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentType)
	return c.Do(req)
}

// PostForm issues a POST to the specified URL, with data's keys and
// values URL-encoded as the request body.
//
// The Content-Type header is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
// To set other headers, use NewRequest and DefaultClient.Do.
//
// When err is nil, resp always contains a non-nil resp.Body.
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// PostForm is a wrapper around DefaultClient.PostForm.
//
// See the Client.Do method documentation for details on how redirects
// are handled.
//
// To make a request with a specified context.Context, use NewRequestWithContext
// and DefaultClient.Do.
func PostForm(url string, data url.Values) (resp *Response, err error) {
	return DefaultClient.PostForm(url, data)
}

// PostForm issues a POST to the specified URL,
// with data's keys and values URL-encoded as the request body.
//
// The Content-Type header is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
// To set other headers, use NewRequest and Client.Do.
//
// When err is nil, resp always contains a non-nil resp.Body.
// Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
//
// See the Client.Do method documentation for details on how redirects
// are handled.
//
// To make a request with a specified context.Context, use NewRequestWithContext
// and Client.Do.
func (c *Client) PostForm(url string, data url.Values) (resp *Response, err error) {
	return c.Post(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
}