revision: modify proposed pin HAL.

Signed-off-by: deadprogram <ron@hybridgroup.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,30 @@
+0.32.0
+---
+- **enhancements**
+    - **bmp280**
+        - remove alloc on read sensor data
+    - **ws2812**
+        - add 200MHz support for the Cortex-M0/rp2040
+
+- **bugfixes**
+    - **ssd1306**
+        - remove time.Sleep from SSD1306 SPI transfer code
+    - **tmc2209**
+        - tmc2209 bug fixes (#755)
+
+- **docs**
+    - **contributing**
+        - add driver design pointer to CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+
+0.31.0
+---
+---
+- **enhancements**
+    - **spi**
+        - update all SPI usage to use either *machine.SPI or drivers.SPI
+
+
 0.30.0
 ---
 - **new devices**

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ We would like your help to make this project better, so we appreciate any contri
 
 We'd love to get your feedback on getting started with TinyGo. Run into any difficulty, confusion, or anything else? You are not alone. We want to know about your experience, so we can help the next people. Please open a Github issue with your questions, or you can also get in touch directly with us on our Slack channel at [https://gophers.slack.com/messages/CDJD3SUP6](https://gophers.slack.com/messages/CDJD3SUP6).
 
+### Driver design
+Before porting or writing a driver from scratch please read **[Driver Design for TinyGo](https://tinygo.org/docs/guides/driver-design)**.
+
 ### One of the TinyGo drivers is not working as you expect
 
 Please open a Github issue with your problem, and we will be happy to assist.

apa102/apa102.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package apa102 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/apa102"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ func New(b drivers.SPI) *Device {
 
 // NewSoftwareSPI returns a new APA102 driver that will use a software based
 // implementation of the SPI protocol.
-func NewSoftwareSPI(sckPin, sdoPin machine.Pin, delay uint32) *Device {
-	return New(&bbSPI{SCK: sckPin, SDO: sdoPin, Delay: delay})
+func NewSoftwareSPI(sckPin, sdoPin pin.Output, delay uint32) *Device {
+	return New(&bbSPI{SCK: sckPin.Set, SDO: sdoPin.Set, Delay: delay, configurePins: func() {
+		pin.ConfigureOutput(sckPin)
+		pin.ConfigureOutput(sdoPin)
+	}})
 }
 
 // WriteColors writes the given RGBA color slice out using the APA102 protocol.

apa102/softspi.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package apa102
 
-import "machine"
+import (
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
+)
 
 // bbSPI is a dumb bit-bang implementation of SPI protocol that is hardcoded
 // to mode 0 and ignores trying to receive data. Just enough for the APA102.
@@ -8,15 +10,18 @@ import "machine"
 // most purposes other than the APA102 package. It might be desirable to make
 // this more generic and include it in the TinyGo "machine" package instead.
 type bbSPI struct {
-	SCK   machine.Pin
-	SDO   machine.Pin
-	Delay uint32
+	SCK           pin.OutputFunc
+	SDO           pin.OutputFunc
+	Delay         uint32
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // Configure sets up the SCK and SDO pins as outputs and sets them low
 func (s *bbSPI) Configure() {
-	s.SCK.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	s.SDO.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	if s.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	s.configurePins()
 	s.SCK.Low()
 	s.SDO.Low()
 	if s.Delay == 0 {

bmi160/bmi160.go

@@ -1,31 +1,35 @@
 package bmi160
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // DeviceSPI is the SPI interface to a BMI160 accelerometer/gyroscope. There is
 // also an I2C interface, but it is not yet supported.
 type DeviceSPI struct {
 	// Chip select pin
-	CSB machine.Pin
+	csb pin.OutputFunc
 
 	buf [7]byte
 
 	// SPI bus (requires chip select to be usable).
-	Bus drivers.SPI
+	bus           drivers.SPI
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // NewSPI returns a new device driver. The pin and SPI interface are not
 // touched, provide a fully configured SPI object and call Configure to start
 // using this device.
-func NewSPI(csb machine.Pin, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
+func NewSPI(csb pin.Output, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 	return &DeviceSPI{
-		CSB: csb, // chip select
-		Bus: spi,
+		csb: csb.Set, // chip select
+		bus: spi,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(csb)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -33,8 +37,11 @@ func NewSPI(csb machine.Pin, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 // configures the BMI160, but it does not configure the SPI interface (it is
 // assumed to be up and running).
 func (d *DeviceSPI) Configure() error {
-	d.CSB.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.CSB.High()
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		return pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated
+	}
+	d.configurePins()
+	d.csb.High()
 
 	// The datasheet recommends doing a register read from address 0x7F to get
 	// SPI communication going:
@@ -86,9 +93,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadTemperature() (temperature int32, err error) {
 	data[0] = 0x80 | reg_TEMPERATURE_0
 	data[1] = 0
 	data[2] = 0
-	d.CSB.Low()
-	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.csb.Low()
+	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.csb.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -123,9 +130,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadAcceleration() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.CSB.Low()
-	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.csb.Low()
+	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.csb.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -153,9 +160,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadRotation() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.CSB.Low()
-	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.csb.Low()
+	err = d.bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.csb.High()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -201,9 +208,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) readRegister(address uint8) uint8 {
 	data := d.buf[:2]
 	data[0] = 0x80 | address
 	data[1] = 0
-	d.CSB.Low()
-	d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.csb.Low()
+	d.bus.Tx(data, data)
+	d.csb.High()
 	return data[1]
 }
 
@@ -217,7 +224,7 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) writeRegister(address, data uint8) {
 	buf[0] = address
 	buf[1] = data
 
-	d.CSB.Low()
-	d.Bus.Tx(buf, buf)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.csb.Low()
+	d.bus.Tx(buf, buf)
+	d.csb.High()
 }

bmp280/bmp280.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ type Filter uint
 type Device struct {
 	bus         drivers.I2C
 	Address     uint16
+	buf         [6]byte
 	cali        calibrationCoefficients
 	Temperature Oversampling
 	Pressure    Oversampling
@@ -134,8 +135,8 @@ func (d *Device) PrintCali() {
 
 // ReadTemperature returns the temperature in celsius milli degrees (°C/1000).
 func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (temperature int32, err error) {
-	data, err := d.readData(REG_TEMP, 3)
-	if err != nil {
+	data := d.buf[:3]
+	if err = d.readData(REG_TEMP, data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -158,8 +159,8 @@ func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (temperature int32, err error) {
 // ReadPressure returns the pressure in milli pascals (mPa).
 func (d *Device) ReadPressure() (pressure int32, err error) {
 	// First 3 bytes are Pressure, last 3 bytes are Temperature
-	data, err := d.readData(REG_PRES, 6)
-	if err != nil {
+	data := d.buf[:6]
+	if err = d.readData(REG_PRES, data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadPressure() (pressure int32, err error) {
 }
 
 // readData reads n number of bytes of the specified register
-func (d *Device) readData(register int, n int) ([]byte, error) {
+func (d *Device) readData(register int, data []byte) error {
 	// If not in normal mode, set the mode to FORCED mode, to prevent incorrect measurements
 	// After the measurement in FORCED mode, the sensor will return to SLEEP mode
 	if d.Mode != MODE_NORMAL {
@@ -218,9 +219,7 @@ func (d *Device) readData(register int, n int) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Read the requested register
-	data := make([]byte, n)
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), uint8(register), data[:])
-	return data, err
+	return legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), uint8(register), data[:])
 }
 
 // convert3Bytes converts three bytes to int32

buzzer/buzzer.go

@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
 package buzzer // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/buzzer"
 
 import (
-	"machine"
-
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // Device wraps a GPIO connection to a buzzer.
 type Device struct {
-	pin  machine.Pin
+	pin  pin.OutputFunc
 	High bool
 	BPM  float64
 }
 
 // New returns a new buzzer driver given which pin to use
-func New(pin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(pin pin.Output) Device {
 	return Device{
-		pin:  pin,
+		pin:  pin.Set,
 		High: false,
 		BPM:  96.0,
 	}
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ func New(pin machine.Pin) Device {
 
 // On sets the buzzer to a high state.
 func (l *Device) On() (err error) {
-	l.pin.Set(true)
+	l.pin.High()
 	l.High = true
 	return
 }
 
 // Off sets the buzzer to a low state.
 func (l *Device) Off() (err error) {
-	l.pin.Set(false)
+	l.pin.Low()
 	l.High = false
 	return
 }

easystepper/easystepper.go

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 package easystepper // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/easystepper"
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // StepMode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
@@ -30,28 +30,10 @@ func (sm StepMode) stepCount() uint {
 	}
 }
 
-// DeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a single easystepper driver
-type DeviceConfig struct {
-	// Pin1 ... Pin4 determines the pins to configure and use for the device
-	Pin1, Pin2, Pin3, Pin4 machine.Pin
-	// StepCount is the number of steps required to perform a full revolution of the stepper motor
-	StepCount uint
-	// RPM determines the speed of the stepper motor in 'Revolutions per Minute'
-	RPM uint
-	// Mode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
-	Mode StepMode
-}
-
-// DualDeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a dual easystepper driver
-type DualDeviceConfig struct {
-	DeviceConfig
-	// Pin5 ... Pin8 determines the pins to configure and use for the second device
-	Pin5, Pin6, Pin7, Pin8 machine.Pin
-}
-
 // Device holds the pins and the delay between steps
 type Device struct {
-	pins       [4]machine.Pin
+	pins       [4]pin.OutputFunc
+	config     func()
 	stepDelay  time.Duration
 	stepNumber uint8
 	stepMode   StepMode
@@ -62,51 +44,6 @@ type DualDevice struct {
 	devices [2]*Device
 }
 
-// New returns a new single easystepper driver given a DeviceConfig
-func New(config DeviceConfig) (*Device, error) {
-	if config.StepCount == 0 || config.RPM == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("config.StepCount and config.RPM must be > 0")
-	}
-	return &Device{
-		pins:      [4]machine.Pin{config.Pin1, config.Pin2, config.Pin3, config.Pin4},
-		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((config.StepCount * config.RPM)),
-		stepMode:  config.Mode,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Configure configures the pins of the Device
-func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	for _, pin := range d.pins {
-		pin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	}
-}
-
-// NewDual returns a new dual easystepper driver given 8 pins, number of steps and rpm
-func NewDual(config DualDeviceConfig) (*DualDevice, error) {
-	// Create the first device
-	dev1, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// Create the second device
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin1 = config.Pin5
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin2 = config.Pin6
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin3 = config.Pin7
-	config.DeviceConfig.Pin4 = config.Pin8
-	dev2, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// Return composite dual device
-	return &DualDevice{devices: [2]*Device{dev1, dev2}}, nil
-}
-
-// Configure configures the pins of the DualDevice
-func (d *DualDevice) Configure() {
-	d.devices[0].Configure()
-	d.devices[1].Configure()
-}
-
 // Move rotates the motor the number of given steps
 // (negative steps will rotate it the opposite direction)
 func (d *Device) Move(steps int32) {
@@ -125,8 +62,8 @@ func (d *Device) Move(steps int32) {
 
 // Off turns off all motor pins
 func (d *Device) Off() {
-	for _, pin := range d.pins {
-		pin.Low()
+	for _, p := range d.pins {
+		p.Low()
 	}
 }
 

easystepper/easystepper_go.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package easystepper
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
+)
+
+func NewCrossPlatform(stepcount, rpm uint, mode StepMode, pins [4]pin.Output) (*Device, error) {
+	if stepcount == 0 || rpm == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("zero rpm and/or stepcount")
+	}
+	var ps [4]pin.OutputFunc
+
+	for i := range pins {
+		if pins[i] == nil {
+			return nil, errors.New("nil pin")
+		}
+		ps[i] = pins[i].Set
+	}
+	d := &Device{
+		pins:      ps,
+		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((stepcount * rpm)),
+		stepMode:  mode,
+		config:    func() {},
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}

easystepper/easystepper_tinygo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build baremetal
+
+package easystepper
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
+)
+
+// New returns a new single easystepper driver given a DeviceConfig
+func New(config DeviceConfig) (*Device, error) {
+	if config.StepCount == 0 || config.RPM == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("config.StepCount and config.RPM must be > 0")
+	}
+	return &Device{
+		pins:      [4]pin.OutputFunc{config.Pin1.Set, config.Pin2.Set, config.Pin3.Set, config.Pin4.Set},
+		stepDelay: time.Second * 60 / time.Duration((config.StepCount * config.RPM)),
+		stepMode:  config.Mode,
+		config: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(config.Pin1)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(config.Pin2)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(config.Pin3)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(config.Pin4)
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Configure configures the pins of the Device
+func (d *Device) Configure() {
+	if d.config == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.config()
+}
+
+// Configure configures the pins of the DualDevice
+func (d *DualDevice) Configure() {
+	d.devices[0].Configure()
+	d.devices[1].Configure()
+}
+
+// NewDual returns a new dual easystepper driver given 8 pins, number of steps and rpm
+func NewDual(config DualDeviceConfig) (*DualDevice, error) {
+	// Create the first device
+	dev1, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Create the second device
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin1 = config.Pin5
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin2 = config.Pin6
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin3 = config.Pin7
+	config.DeviceConfig.Pin4 = config.Pin8
+	dev2, err := New(config.DeviceConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Return composite dual device
+	return &DualDevice{devices: [2]*Device{dev1, dev2}}, nil
+}
+
+// DeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a single easystepper driver
+type DeviceConfig struct {
+	// Pin1 ... Pin4 determines the pins to configure and use for the device
+	Pin1, Pin2, Pin3, Pin4 machine.Pin
+	// StepCount is the number of steps required to perform a full revolution of the stepper motor
+	StepCount uint
+	// RPM determines the speed of the stepper motor in 'Revolutions per Minute'
+	RPM uint
+	// Mode determines the coil sequence used to perform a single step
+	Mode StepMode
+}
+
+// DualDeviceConfig contains the configuration data for a dual easystepper driver
+type DualDeviceConfig struct {
+	DeviceConfig
+	// Pin5 ... Pin8 determines the pins to configure and use for the second device
+	Pin5, Pin6, Pin7, Pin8 machine.Pin
+}

ens160/ens160.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// Package ens160 provides a driver for the ScioSense ENS160 digital gas sensor.
+//
+// Datasheet: https://www.sciosense.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ENS160-Datasheet.pdf
+package ens160
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultTimeout = 30 * time.Millisecond
+	shortTimeout   = 1 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// Conversion constants for environment data compensation.
+const (
+	kelvinOffsetMilli = 273150          // 273.15 K in milli-units
+	tempRawFactor     = 64              // As per datasheet for TEMP_IN
+	humRawFactor      = 512             // As per datasheet for RH_IN
+	milliFactor       = 1000            // For converting from milli-units
+	roundingTerm      = milliFactor / 2 // For rounding before integer division
+)
+
+// validityStrings provides human-readable descriptions for validity flags.
+var validityStrings = [...]string{
+	ValidityNormalOperation:     "normal operation",
+	ValidityWarmUpPhase:         "warm-up phase, wait ~3 minutes for valid data",
+	ValidityInitialStartUpPhase: "initial start-up phase, wait ~1 hour for valid data",
+	ValidityInvalidOutput:       "invalid output",
+}
+
+// Device wraps an I2C connection to an ENS160 device.
+type Device struct {
+	bus  drivers.I2C // I²C implementation
+	addr uint16      // 7‑bit bus address, promoted to uint16 per drivers.I2C
+
+	// shadow registers / last measurements
+	lastTvocPPB  uint16
+	lastEco2PPM  uint16
+	lastAqiUBA   uint8
+	lastValidity uint8 // Store the latest validity status
+
+	// pre‑allocated buffers
+	wbuf [5]byte // longest write: reg + 4 bytes (TEMP+RH)
+	rbuf [5]byte // longest read: DATA burst (5 bytes)
+}
+
+// New returns a new ENS160 driver.
+func New(bus drivers.I2C, addr uint16) *Device {
+	if addr == 0 {
+		addr = DefaultAddress
+	}
+	return &Device{
+		bus:          bus,
+		addr:         addr,
+		lastValidity: ValidityInvalidOutput,
+	}
+}
+
+// Connected returns whether a ENS160 has been found.
+func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
+	d.wbuf[0] = regPartID
+	err := d.bus.Tx(d.addr, d.wbuf[:1], d.rbuf[:2])
+	return err == nil && d.rbuf[0] == LowPartID && d.rbuf[1] == HighPartID
+}
+
+// Configure sets up the device for reading.
+func (d *Device) Configure() error {
+	// 1. Soft-reset. The device will automatically enter IDLE mode.
+	if err := d.write1(regOpMode, ModeReset); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	time.Sleep(defaultTimeout)
+
+	// 2. Clear GPR registers, then go to STANDARD mode.
+	if err := d.write1(regCommand, cmdClrGPR); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	time.Sleep(defaultTimeout)
+
+	if err := d.write1(regOpMode, ModeStandard); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	time.Sleep(defaultTimeout)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// calculateTempRaw converts temperature from milli-degrees Celsius to the sensor's raw format.
+func calculateTempRaw(tempMilliC int32) uint16 {
+	// Clip temperature
+	const (
+		minC = -40 * 1000
+		maxC = 85 * 1000
+	)
+	if tempMilliC < minC {
+		tempMilliC = minC
+	} else if tempMilliC > maxC {
+		tempMilliC = maxC
+	}
+
+	// Integer fixed-point conversion to format required by the sensor.
+	// Formula from datasheet: T_IN = (T_ambient_C + 273.15) * 64
+	return uint16((((tempMilliC + kelvinOffsetMilli) * tempRawFactor) + roundingTerm) / milliFactor)
+}
+
+// calculateHumRaw converts relative humidity from milli-percent to the sensor's raw format.
+func calculateHumRaw(rhMilliPct int32) uint16 {
+	// Clip humidity
+	if rhMilliPct < 0 {
+		rhMilliPct = 0
+	} else if rhMilliPct > 100*1000 {
+		rhMilliPct = 100 * 1000
+	}
+
+	// Integer fixed-point conversion to format required by the sensor.
+	// Formula from datasheet: RH_IN = (RH_ambient_% * 512)
+	return uint16(((rhMilliPct * humRawFactor) + roundingTerm) / milliFactor)
+}
+
+// SetEnvDataMilli sets the ambient temperature and humidity for compensation.
+//
+// tempMilliC is the temperature in milli-degrees Celsius.
+// rhMilliPct is the relative humidity in milli-percent.
+func (d *Device) SetEnvDataMilli(tempMilliC, rhMilliPct int32) error {
+	tempRaw := calculateTempRaw(tempMilliC)
+	humRaw := calculateHumRaw(rhMilliPct)
+
+	d.wbuf[0] = regTempIn // start address (auto‑increment)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(d.wbuf[1:3], tempRaw)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(d.wbuf[3:5], humRaw)
+
+	return d.bus.Tx(d.addr, d.wbuf[:5], nil)
+}
+
+// Update refreshes the concentration measurements.
+func (d *Device) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
+	if which&drivers.Concentration == 0 {
+		return nil // nothing requested
+	}
+
+	const maxTries = 1000
+	var (
+		status   uint8
+		validity uint8
+	)
+	var gotData bool
+
+	// Poll DEVICE_STATUS until NEWDAT or timeout
+	for range maxTries {
+		var err error
+		status, err = d.read1(regStatus)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if status&statusSTATER != 0 {
+			return errors.New("ENS160: error (STATER set)")
+		}
+		validity = (status & statusValidityMask) >> statusValidityShift
+
+		if status&statusNEWDAT != 0 {
+			gotData = true
+			break // Always break when data available
+		}
+		time.Sleep(shortTimeout)
+	}
+	if !gotData {
+		return errors.New("ENS160: timeout waiting for NEWDAT")
+	}
+
+	// Burst-read data regardless of validity state
+	d.wbuf[0] = regAQI
+	if err := d.bus.Tx(d.addr, d.wbuf[:1], d.rbuf[:5]); err != nil {
+		return errors.New("ENS160: burst read failed")
+	}
+
+	d.lastAqiUBA = d.rbuf[0]
+	d.lastTvocPPB = binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(d.rbuf[1:3])
+	d.lastEco2PPM = binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(d.rbuf[3:5])
+	d.lastValidity = validity // Store the validity status
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TVOC returns the last total‑VOC concentration in parts‑per‑billion.
+func (d *Device) TVOC() uint16 { return d.lastTvocPPB }
+
+// ECO2 returns the last equivalent CO₂ concentration in parts‑per‑million.
+func (d *Device) ECO2() uint16 { return d.lastEco2PPM }
+
+// AQI returns the last Air‑Quality Index according to UBA (1–5).
+func (d *Device) AQI() uint8 { return d.lastAqiUBA }
+
+// Validity returns the current operating state of the sensor.
+func (d *Device) Validity() uint8 {
+	return d.lastValidity
+}
+
+// ValidityString returns a human-readable string describing the current validity status.
+func (d *Device) ValidityString() string {
+	if int(d.lastValidity) < len(validityStrings) {
+		return validityStrings[d.lastValidity]
+	}
+	return "unknown"
+}
+
+// write1 writes a single byte to a register.
+func (d *Device) write1(reg, val uint8) error {
+	d.wbuf[0] = reg
+	d.wbuf[1] = val
+	return d.bus.Tx(d.addr, d.wbuf[:2], nil)
+}
+
+// read1 reads a single byte from a register.
+func (d *Device) read1(reg uint8) (uint8, error) {
+	d.wbuf[0] = reg
+	if err := d.bus.Tx(d.addr, d.wbuf[:1], d.rbuf[:1]); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return d.rbuf[0], nil
+}

ens160/ens160_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package ens160
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCalculateTempRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		tempMilliC  int32
+		expectedRaw uint16
+	}{
+		{"25°C", 25000, 19082},
+		{"-10.5°C", -10500, 16810},
+		{"Min temp", -40000, 14922},
+		{"Below min", -50000, 14922},
+		{"Max temp", 85000, 22922},
+		{"Above max", 90000, 22922},
+		{"Zero", 0, 17482},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			raw := calculateTempRaw(tc.tempMilliC)
+			if raw != tc.expectedRaw {
+				t.Errorf("expected %d, got %d", tc.expectedRaw, raw)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateHumRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		rhMilliPct  int32
+		expectedRaw uint16
+	}{
+		{"50%", 50000, 25600},
+		{"0%", 0, 0},
+		{"100%", 100000, 51200},
+		{"Below 0%", -10000, 0},
+		{"Above 100%", 110000, 51200},
+		{"33.3%", 33300, 17050},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			raw := calculateHumRaw(tc.rhMilliPct)
+			if raw != tc.expectedRaw {
+				t.Errorf("expected %d, got %d", tc.expectedRaw, raw)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

ens160/registers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package ens160
+
+// DefaultAddress is the default I2C address for the ENS160 when the ADDR pin is
+// connected to high (3.3V). When connected to low (GND), the address is 0x52.
+const DefaultAddress = 0x53
+
+// Registers
+const (
+	regPartID   = 0x00
+	regOpMode   = 0x10
+	regConfig   = 0x11
+	regCommand  = 0x12
+	regTempIn   = 0x13
+	regRhIn     = 0x15
+	regStatus   = 0x20
+	regAQI      = 0x21
+	regTVOC     = 0x22
+	regECO2     = 0x24
+	regDataT    = 0x30
+	regDataRH   = 0x32
+	regMISR     = 0x38
+	regGPRWrite = 0x40
+	regGPRRead  = 0x48
+)
+
+// Operating modes
+const (
+	ModeDeepSleep = 0x00
+	ModeIdle      = 0x01
+	ModeStandard  = 0x02
+	ModeReset     = 0xF0
+)
+
+// Status register bits
+const (
+	statusSTATAS = 1 << 7
+	statusSTATER = 1 << 6
+
+	statusValidityMask  = 0x0C
+	statusValidityShift = 2
+
+	statusNEWDAT = 1 << 1
+	statusNEWGPR = 1 << 0
+)
+
+// Validity flags
+const (
+	ValidityNormalOperation     = 0x00
+	ValidityWarmUpPhase         = 0x01 // need ~3 minutes until valid data
+	ValidityInitialStartUpPhase = 0x02 // need ~1 hour until valid data
+	ValidityInvalidOutput       = 0x03
+)
+
+// Commands
+const (
+	cmdNOP       = 0x00
+	cmdGetAppVer = 0x0E
+	cmdClrGPR    = 0xCC
+)
+
+// Part IDs
+const (
+	LowPartID  = 0x60
+	HighPartID = 0x01
+)

examples/ens160/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// This example demonstrates ENS160 usage.
+//
+// Wiring:
+// - VCC to 3.3V, GND to ground
+// - SDA to board SDA, SCL to board SCL
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"machine"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ens160"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	err := machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
+		Frequency: 400 * machine.KHz,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		println("Failed to configure I2C:", err)
+	}
+
+	dev := ens160.New(machine.I2C0, ens160.DefaultAddress)
+
+	connected := dev.Connected()
+	if !connected {
+		println("ENS160 not detected")
+		return
+	}
+	println("ENS160 detected")
+
+	if err := dev.Configure(); err != nil {
+		println("Failed to configure ENS160:", err)
+	}
+
+	for {
+		err := dev.Update(drivers.Concentration)
+		if err != nil {
+			println("Error reading ENS160: %v\n", err)
+			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		println(
+			"AQI:", dev.AQI(),
+			"TVOC:", dev.TVOC(),
+			"eCO2:", dev.ECO2(),
+			"Validity:", dev.ValidityString(),
+		)
+
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+	}
+}

examples/gps/i2c/main.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 func main() {
 	println("GPS I2C Example")
 	machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{})
-	ublox := gps.NewI2C(machine.I2C0)
+	ublox := gps.NewI2CWithAddress(machine.I2C0, gps.UBLOX_I2C_ADDRESS)
 	parser := gps.NewParser()
 	var fix gps.Fix
 	for {

examples/lsm303dlhc/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/lsm303dlhc"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	// LSM303DLHC is connected to the I2C0 bus on Adafruit Feather M4 via pins: 20(SDA) and 21(SCL).
+	machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{})
+
+	sensor := lsm303dlhc.New(machine.I2C0)
+	//default settings
+	err := sensor.Configure(lsm303dlhc.Configuration{
+		AccelPowerMode: lsm303dlhc.ACCEL_POWER_NORMAL,
+		AccelRange:     lsm303dlhc.ACCEL_RANGE_2G,
+		AccelDataRate:  lsm303dlhc.ACCEL_DATARATE_100HZ,
+		MagPowerMode:   lsm303dlhc.MAG_POWER_NORMAL,
+		MagSystemMode:  lsm303dlhc.MAG_SYSTEM_CONTINUOUS,
+		MagDataRate:    lsm303dlhc.MAG_DATARATE_10HZ,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		for {
+			println("Failed to configure", err.Error())
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		accel_x, accel_y, accel_z, err := sensor.ReadAcceleration()
+		if err != nil {
+			println("Failed to read accel", err.Error())
+		}
+		println("ACCEL_X:", accel_x, " ACCEL_Y:", accel_y, " ACCEL_Z:", accel_z)
+
+		mag_x, mag_y, mag_z, err := sensor.ReadMagneticField()
+		if err != nil {
+			println("Failed to read mag", err.Error())
+		}
+		println("MAG_X:", mag_x, " MAG_Y:", mag_y, " MAG_Z:", mag_z)
+
+		pitch, roll, _ := sensor.ReadPitchRoll()
+		println("Pitch:", float32(pitch), " Roll:", float32(roll))
+
+		heading, _ := sensor.ReadCompass()
+		println("Heading:", float32(heading), "degrees")
+
+		temp, _ := sensor.ReadTemperature()
+		println("Temperature:", float32(temp)/1000, "*C")
+
+		println("\n")
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 250)
+	}
+
+}

examples/seesaw/rotary-encoder/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/seesaw"
+)
+
+// example reading the position of a rotary encoder (4991) powered by a seesaw
+// https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-i2c-qt-rotary-encoder/arduino
+func main() {
+	// This assumes you are using an Adafruit QT Py RP2040 for its Stemma QT connector
+	// https://www.adafruit.com/product/4900
+	i2c := machine.I2C1
+	i2c.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
+		SCL: machine.I2C1_QT_SCL_PIN,
+		SDA: machine.I2C1_QT_SDA_PIN,
+	})
+
+	dev := seesaw.New(i2c)
+	dev.Address = 0x36
+
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		pos, err := dev.GetEncoderPosition(0, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			println(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		println(pos)
+	}
+}

examples/ssd1306/i2c_128x32/main.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"machine"
-
-	"image/color"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
-		Frequency: machine.TWI_FREQ_400KHZ,
-	})
-
-	display := ssd1306.NewI2C(machine.I2C0)
-	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
-		Address: ssd1306.Address_128_32,
-		Width:   128,
-		Height:  32,
-	})
-
-	display.ClearDisplay()
-
-	x := int16(0)
-	y := int16(0)
-	deltaX := int16(1)
-	deltaY := int16(1)
-	for {
-		pixel := display.GetPixel(x, y)
-		c := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
-		if pixel {
-			c = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
-		}
-		display.SetPixel(x, y, c)
-		display.Display()
-
-		x += deltaX
-		y += deltaY
-
-		if x == 0 || x == 127 {
-			deltaX = -deltaX
-		}
-
-		if y == 0 || y == 31 {
-			deltaY = -deltaY
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-}

examples/ssd1306/i2c_128x64/main.go

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-// This example shows how to use 128x64 display over I2C
-// Tested on Seeeduino XIAO Expansion Board https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/Seeeduino-XIAO-Expansion-Board/
-//
-// According to manual, I2C address of the display is 0x78, but that's 8-bit address.
-// TinyGo operates on 7-bit addresses and respective 7-bit address would be 0x3C, which we use below.
-//
-// To learn more about different types of I2C addresses, please see following page
-// https://www.totalphase.com/support/articles/200349176-7-bit-8-bit-and-10-bit-I2C-Slave-Addressing
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"machine"
-
-	"image/color"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
-		Frequency: machine.TWI_FREQ_400KHZ,
-	})
-
-	display := ssd1306.NewI2C(machine.I2C0)
-	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
-		Address: 0x3C,
-		Width:   128,
-		Height:  64,
-	})
-
-	display.ClearDisplay()
-
-	x := int16(0)
-	y := int16(0)
-	deltaX := int16(1)
-	deltaY := int16(1)
-	for {
-		pixel := display.GetPixel(x, y)
-		c := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
-		if pixel {
-			c = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
-		}
-		display.SetPixel(x, y, c)
-		display.Display()
-
-		x += deltaX
-		y += deltaY
-
-		if x == 0 || x == 127 {
-			deltaX = -deltaX
-		}
-
-		if y == 0 || y == 63 {
-			deltaY = -deltaY
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-}

examples/ssd1306/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package main
+
+// This example shows how to use SSD1306 OLED display driver over I2C and SPI.
+//
+// Check the `newSSD1306Display()` functions for I2C and SPI initializations.
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+
+	"image/color"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	display := newSSD1306Display()
+	display.ClearDisplay()
+
+	w, h := display.Size()
+	x := int16(0)
+	y := int16(0)
+	deltaX := int16(1)
+	deltaY := int16(1)
+
+	traceTime := time.Now().UnixMilli() + 1000
+	frames := 0
+	ms := runtime.MemStats{}
+
+	for {
+		pixel := display.GetPixel(x, y)
+		c := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
+		if pixel {
+			c = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
+		}
+		display.SetPixel(x, y, c)
+		display.Display()
+
+		x += deltaX
+		y += deltaY
+
+		if x == 0 || x == w-1 {
+			deltaX = -deltaX
+		}
+
+		if y == 0 || y == h-1 {
+			deltaY = -deltaY
+		}
+
+		frames++
+		now := time.Now().UnixMilli()
+		if now >= traceTime {
+			runtime.ReadMemStats(&ms)
+			println("TS", now, "| FPS", frames, "| HeapInuse", ms.HeapInuse)
+			traceTime = now + 1000
+			frames = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+}

examples/ssd1306/main_i2c_xiao-ble.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//go:build xiao_ble
+
+// This initializes SSD1306 OLED display driver over I2C.
+//
+// Seeed XIAO BLE board + SSD1306 128x32 I2C OLED display.
+//
+// Wiring:
+// - XIAO GND      -> OLED GND
+// - XIAO 3v3      -> OLED VCC
+// - XIAO D4 (SDA) -> OLED SDA
+// - XIAO D5 (SCL) -> OLED SCK
+//
+// For your case:
+// - Connect the display to I2C pins on your board.
+// - Adjust I2C address and display size as needed.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
+)
+
+func newSSD1306Display() *ssd1306.Device {
+	machine.I2C0.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
+		Frequency: 400 * machine.KHz,
+		SDA:       machine.SDA0_PIN,
+		SCL:       machine.SCL0_PIN,
+	})
+	display := ssd1306.NewI2C(machine.I2C0)
+	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
+		Address: ssd1306.Address_128_32, // or ssd1306.Address
+		Width:   128,
+		Height:  32, // or 64
+	})
+	return display
+}

examples/ssd1306/main_spi_thumby.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build thumby
+
+// This initializes SSD1306 OLED display driver over SPI.
+//
+// Thumby board has a tiny built-in 72x40 display.
+//
+// As the display is built-in, no wiring is needed.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
+)
+
+func newSSD1306Display() *ssd1306.Device {
+	machine.SPI0.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{})
+	display := ssd1306.NewSPI(machine.SPI0, machine.THUMBY_DC_PIN, machine.THUMBY_RESET_PIN, machine.THUMBY_CS_PIN)
+	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
+		Width:     72,
+		Height:    40,
+		ResetCol:  ssd1306.ResetValue{28, 99},
+		ResetPage: ssd1306.ResetValue{0, 5},
+	})
+	return display
+}

examples/ssd1306/main_spi_xiao-rp2040.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build xiao_rp2040
+
+// This initializes SSD1306 OLED display driver over SPI.
+//
+// Seeed XIAO RP2040 board + SSD1306 128x64 SPI OLED display.
+//
+// Wiring:
+// - XIAO GND       -> OLED GND
+// - XIAO 3v3       -> OLED VCC
+// - XIAO D8 (SCK)  -> OLED D0
+// - XIAO D10 (SDO) -> OLED D1
+// - XIAO D4        -> OLED RES
+// - XIAO D5        -> OLED DC
+// - XIAO D6        -> OLED CS
+//
+// For your case:
+// - Connect the display to SPI pins on your board.
+// - Adjust RES, DC and CS pins as needed.
+// - Adjust SPI frequency as needed.
+// - Adjust display size as needed.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
+)
+
+func newSSD1306Display() *ssd1306.Device {
+	machine.SPI0.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
+		Frequency: 50 * machine.MHz,
+	})
+	display := ssd1306.NewSPI(machine.SPI0, machine.D5, machine.D4, machine.D6)
+	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
+		Width:  128,
+		Height: 64,
+	})
+	return display
+}

examples/ssd1306/spi_128x64/main.go

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"image/color"
-	"machine"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	machine.SPI0.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
-		Frequency: 8000000,
-	})
-	display := ssd1306.NewSPI(machine.SPI0, machine.P8, machine.P7, machine.P9)
-	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
-		Width:  128,
-		Height: 64,
-	})
-
-	display.ClearDisplay()
-
-	x := int16(64)
-	y := int16(32)
-	deltaX := int16(1)
-	deltaY := int16(1)
-	for {
-		pixel := display.GetPixel(x, y)
-		c := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
-		if pixel {
-			c = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
-		}
-		display.SetPixel(x, y, c)
-		display.Display()
-
-		x += deltaX
-		y += deltaY
-
-		if x == 0 || x == 127 {
-			deltaX = -deltaX
-		}
-
-		if y == 0 || y == 63 {
-			deltaY = -deltaY
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-}

examples/ssd1306/spi_thumby/main.go

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// This example using the SSD1306 OLED display over SPI on the Thumby board
-// A very tiny 72x40 display.
-package main
-
-import (
-	"image/color"
-	"machine"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	machine.SPI0.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{})
-	display := ssd1306.NewSPI(machine.SPI0, machine.THUMBY_DC_PIN, machine.THUMBY_RESET_PIN, machine.THUMBY_CS_PIN)
-	display.Configure(ssd1306.Config{
-		Width:     72,
-		Height:    40,
-		ResetCol:  ssd1306.ResetValue{28, 99},
-		ResetPage: ssd1306.ResetValue{0, 5},
-	})
-
-	display.ClearDisplay()
-
-	x := int16(36)
-	y := int16(20)
-	deltaX := int16(1)
-	deltaY := int16(1)
-	for {
-		pixel := display.GetPixel(x, y)
-		c := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
-		if pixel {
-			c = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
-		}
-		display.SetPixel(x, y, c)
-		display.Display()
-
-		x += deltaX
-		y += deltaY
-
-		if x == 0 || x == 71 {
-			deltaX = -deltaX
-		}
-
-		if y == 0 || y == 39 {
-			deltaY = -deltaY
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-}

ft6336/ft6336.go

@@ -5,28 +5,29 @@
 package ft6336
 
 import (
-	"machine"
-
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/touch"
 )
 
 // Device wraps FT6336 I2C Self-Capacitive touch
 type Device struct {
-	bus     drivers.I2C
-	buf     []byte
-	Address uint8
-	intPin  machine.Pin
+	bus           drivers.I2C
+	buf           []byte
+	Address       uint8
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // New returns FT6336 device for the provided I2C bus using default address.
-func New(i2c drivers.I2C, intPin machine.Pin) *Device {
+func New(i2c drivers.I2C, intPin pin.Input) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus:     i2c,
 		buf:     make([]byte, 11),
 		Address: Address,
-		intPin:  intPin,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureInputPulldown(intPin)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -36,8 +37,11 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // Configure the FT6336 device.
 func (d *Device) Configure(config Config) error {
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		return pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated
+	}
 	d.write1Byte(0xA4, 0x00)
-	d.intPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown})
+	d.configurePins()
 	return nil
 }
 

gc9a01/gc9a01.go

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ package gc9a01 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/gc9a01"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // Rotation controls the rotation used by the display.
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ type FrameRate uint8
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus             drivers.SPI
-	dcPin           machine.Pin
-	resetPin        machine.Pin
-	csPin           machine.Pin
-	blPin           machine.Pin
+	dcPin           pin.OutputFunc
+	resetPin        pin.OutputFunc
+	csPin           pin.OutputFunc
+	blPin           pin.OutputFunc
 	width           int16
 	height          int16
 	columnOffsetCfg int16
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7789 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin pin.Output) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(resetPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(blPin)
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
-		blPin:    blPin,
+		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
+		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
+		csPin:    csPin.Set,
+		blPin:    blPin.Set,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 

gps/gps.go

@@ -69,10 +69,16 @@ func NewUART(uart drivers.UART) Device {
 }
 
 // NewI2C creates a new I2C GPS connection.
+// Uses the default i2c address (0x42) for backward compatibility reasons.
 func NewI2C(bus drivers.I2C) Device {
+	return NewI2CWithAddress(bus, I2C_ADDRESS)
+}
+
+// NewI2CWithAddress creates a new I2C GPS connection on the provided address
+func NewI2CWithAddress(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddress uint16) Device {
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		address:  I2C_ADDRESS,
+		address:  i2cAddress,
 		buffer:   make([]byte, bufferSize),
 		bufIdx:   bufferSize,
 		sentence: strings.Builder{},

gps/gpsparser.go

@@ -96,7 +96,10 @@ func (parser *Parser) Parse(sentence string) (Fix, error) {
 		fix.Speed = findSpeed(fields[7])
 		fix.Heading = findHeading(fields[8])
 		date := findDate(fields[9])
-		fix.Time = fix.Time.AddDate(date.Year(), int(date.Month()), date.Day())
+		fix.Time = date.Add(time.Duration(fix.Time.Hour())*time.Hour +
+			time.Duration(fix.Time.Minute())*time.Minute +
+			time.Duration(fix.Time.Second())*time.Second +
+			time.Duration(fix.Time.Nanosecond())*time.Nanosecond)
 
 		return fix, nil
 	}

gps/gpsparser_test.go

@@ -70,15 +70,15 @@ func TestParseRMC(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("should have errInvalidRMCSentence error")
 	}
 
-	val = "$GPRMC,203522.00,A,5109.0262308,N,11401.8407342,W,0.004,133.4,130522,0.0,E,D*2B"
+	val = "$GPRMC,203522.00,A,5109.0262308,N,11401.8407342,W,0.004,133.4,010622,0.0,E,D*2B"
 	fix, err := p.Parse(val)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error("should have parsed")
 	}
 
 	c.Assert(fix.Time.Year(), qt.Equals, 2022)
-	c.Assert(fix.Time.Month(), qt.Equals, time.May)
-	c.Assert(fix.Time.Day(), qt.Equals, 13)
+	c.Assert(fix.Time.Month(), qt.Equals, time.June)
+	c.Assert(fix.Time.Day(), qt.Equals, 1)
 	c.Assert(fix.Time.Hour(), qt.Equals, 20)
 	c.Assert(fix.Time.Minute(), qt.Equals, 35)
 	c.Assert(fix.Time.Second(), qt.Equals, 22)

gps/registers.go

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ package gps
 
 // The I2C address which this device listens to.
 const (
-	I2C_ADDRESS = 0x42
+	// To ensure backward compatibility
+	I2C_ADDRESS = UBLOX_I2C_ADDRESS
+
+	UBLOX_I2C_ADDRESS   = 0x42
+	PA1010D_I2C_ADDRESS = 0x10
 )
 
 const (

hcsr04/hcsr04.go

@@ -5,30 +5,38 @@
 package hcsr04
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 const TIMEOUT = 23324 // max sensing distance (4m)
 
 // Device holds the pins
 type Device struct {
-	trigger machine.Pin
-	echo    machine.Pin
+	trigger       pin.OutputFunc
+	echo          pin.InputFunc
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // New returns a new ultrasonic driver given 2 pins
-func New(trigger, echo machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(trigger pin.Output, echo pin.Input) Device {
 	return Device{
-		trigger: trigger,
-		echo:    echo,
+		trigger: trigger.Set,
+		echo:    echo.Get,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(trigger)
+			pin.ConfigureInput(echo)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure configures the pins of the Device
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	d.trigger.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.echo.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.configurePins()
 }
 
 // ReadDistance returns the distance of the object in mm
@@ -52,7 +60,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadPulse() int32 {
 	d.trigger.Low()
 	i := uint8(0)
 	for {
-		if d.echo.Get() {
+		if d.echo() {
 			t = time.Now()
 			break
 		}
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadPulse() int32 {
 	}
 	i = 0
 	for {
-		if !d.echo.Get() {
+		if !d.echo() {
 			return int32(time.Since(t).Microseconds())
 		}
 		i++

hd44780/hd44780.go

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (d *Device) SendCommand(command byte) {
 	d.bus.SetCommandMode(true)
 	d.bus.Write([]byte{command})
 
-	for d.busy(command == DISPLAY_CLEAR || command == CURSOR_HOME) {
+	for d.isBusy(command == DISPLAY_CLEAR || command == CURSOR_HOME) {
 	}
 }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func (d *Device) sendData(data byte) {
 	d.bus.SetCommandMode(false)
 	d.bus.Write([]byte{data})
 
-	for d.busy(false) {
+	for d.isBusy(false) {
 	}
 }
 
@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ func (d *Device) CreateCharacter(cgramAddr uint8, data []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-// busy returns true when hd447890 is busy
+// isBusy returns true when hd447890 is isBusy
 // or after the timeout specified
-func (d *Device) busy(longDelay bool) bool {
+func (d *Device) isBusy(longDelay bool) bool {
 	if d.bus.WriteOnly() {
 		// Can't read busy flag if write only, so sleep a bit then return
 		if longDelay {
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (d *Device) busy(longDelay bool) bool {
 
 // Busy returns true when hd447890 is busy
 func (d *Device) Busy() bool {
-	return d.busy(false)
+	return d.isBusy(false)
 }
 
 // Size returns the current size of the display.

hts221/hts221_generic.go

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 package hts221
 
-import "tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-
 // Configure sets up the HTS221 device for communication.
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
 	// read calibration data

internal/pin/pin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package pin
+
+import "errors"
+
+// OutputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which outputs a
+// digital signal (high or low level).
+//
+//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.OutputFunc
+//	led := machine.LED
+//	led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+//	var p pin.OutputFuncFunc = led.Set // Going from a machine.Pin to a pin.OutputFunc
+type OutputFunc func(level bool)
+
+func (o OutputFunc) High() {
+	o(true)
+}
+
+func (o OutputFunc) Low() {
+	o(false)
+}
+
+// InputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which receives a
+// digital signal and reads it (high or low level).
+//
+//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.InputFunc
+//	input := machine.LED
+//	input.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown}) // or use machine.PinInputPullup or machine.PinInput
+//	var p pin.InputFunc = input.Get // Going from a machine.Pin to a drivers.PinInput
+type InputFunc func() (level bool)
+
+// PinOutput represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can output a digital signal.
+// This is an wrapper to pin.OutputFunc abstraction which is a function type.
+//
+//	func New(p1, p2, p3 pin.Output) *Device {
+//		return NewWithPinfuncs(p1.Set, p2.Set, p3.Set)
+//	}
+//
+//	func NewWithPinfuncs(p1, p2, p3 pin.OutputFunc) *Device {
+//		return &Device{p1:p1, p2:p2, p3:p3}
+//	}
+//
+// [relevant issue]: https://github.com/tinygo-org/drivers/pull/749/files
+type Output interface {
+	Set(level bool)
+}
+
+// PinInput represents a pin hardware abstraction layer. See [PinOutput] for
+// more information on why this is "legacy".
+type Input interface {
+	Get() (level bool)
+}
+
+// ConfigureOutput is a legacy function used to configure pins as outputs.
+//
+// Deprecated: You should not configure pins in drivers.
+// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
+// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
+func ConfigureOutput(po Output) {
+	configureOutput(po)
+}
+
+// ConfigureInput is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
+//
+// Deprecated: You should not configure pins in drivers.
+// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
+// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
+func ConfigureInputPulldown(pi Input) {
+	configureInputPulldown(pi)
+}
+
+// ConfigureInput is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
+//
+// Deprecated: You should not configure pins in drivers.
+// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
+// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
+func ConfigureInput(pi Input) {
+	configureInput(pi)
+}
+
+// ConfigureInputPullup is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
+//
+// Deprecated: You should not configure pins in drivers.
+// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
+// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
+func ConfigureInputPullup(pi Input) {
+	configureInputPullup(pi)
+}
+
+// IsNotPin returns true if the argument is a machine.Pin type and is the machine.NoPin predeclared type.
+//
+// Deprecated: Drivers should not require pin knowledge.
+func IsNotPin(pin any) bool {
+	return isNotPin(pin)
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated = errors.New("device must be instantiated with New before calling Configure method")
+)

internal/pin/pin_go.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !baremetal
+
+package pin
+
+func configureOutput(p Output)       {}
+func configureInput(p Input)         {}
+func configureInputPulldown(p Input) {}
+func configureInputPullup(p Input)   {}
+func isNotPin(a any) bool            { return false }

internal/pin/pin_nopulls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build baremetal && fe310
+
+package pin
+
+import "machine"
+
+const (
+	pulldown = machine.PinInput
+	pullup   = machine.PinInput
+)

internal/pin/pin_pulls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build baremetal && !fe310
+
+package pin
+
+import "machine"
+
+// If you are getting a build error here you then we missed adding
+// your CPU build tag to the list of CPUs that do not have pulldown/pullups.
+// Add it above and in pinhal_nopulls! You should also add a smoketest for it :)
+const (
+	pulldown = machine.PinInputPulldown
+	pullup   = machine.PinInputPullup
+)

internal/pin/pin_tinygo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//go:build baremetal
+
+package pin
+
+import "machine"
+
+func configureOutput(p Output) {
+	configure(p, machine.PinOutput)
+}
+
+func configureInputPulldown(p Input) {
+	configure(p, pulldown) // some chips do not have pull down, in which case pulldown==machine.PinInput.
+}
+
+func configureInput(p Input) {
+	configure(p, machine.PinInput)
+}
+
+func configureInputPullup(p Input) {
+	configure(p, pullup) // some chips do not have pull up, in which case pullup==machine.PinInput.
+}
+
+func isNotPin(a any) bool {
+	p, ok := a.(machine.Pin)
+	return ok && p == machine.NoPin
+}
+
+func configure(p any, mode machine.PinMode) {
+	machinePin, ok := p.(machine.Pin)
+	if ok {
+		machinePin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: mode})
+	}
+}

lsm303agr/lsm303agr.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type Configuration struct {
 	MagDataRate    uint8
 }
 
-var errNotConnected = errors.New("lsm303agr: failed to communicate with either acel or magnet sensor")
+var errNotConnected = errors.New("lsm303agr: failed to communicate with either accel or magnet sensor")
 
 // New creates a new LSM303AGR connection. The I2C bus must already be configured.
 //

lsm303dlhc/lsm303dlhc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Package lsm303dlhc implements a driver for the LSM303dlhc,
+// a 3 axis accelerometer/magnetic sensor typically available on breakout boards.
+//
+// Datasheet: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/lsm303dlhc.pdf
+
+package lsm303dlhc // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/lsm303dlhc"
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
+)
+
+// Device wraps an I2C connection to a LSM303dlhc device.
+type Device struct {
+	bus            drivers.I2C
+	AccelAddress   uint8
+	MagAddress     uint8
+	AccelPowerMode uint8
+	AccelRange     uint8
+	AccelDataRate  uint8
+	MagPowerMode   uint8
+	MagSystemMode  uint8
+	MagDataRate    uint8
+	buf            [6]uint8
+}
+
+// Configuration for LSM303dlhc device.
+type Configuration struct {
+	AccelPowerMode uint8
+	AccelRange     uint8
+	AccelDataRate  uint8
+	MagPowerMode   uint8
+	MagSystemMode  uint8
+	MagDataRate    uint8
+}
+
+// New creates a new LSM303DLHC connection. The I2C bus must already be configured.
+// This function only creates the Device object, it does not touch the device.
+func New(bus drivers.I2C) *Device {
+	return &Device{
+		bus:          bus,
+		AccelAddress: ACCEL_ADDRESS,
+		MagAddress:   MAG_ADDRESS,
+	}
+}
+
+// Configure sets up the LSM303dlhc device for communication.
+func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
+
+	if cfg.AccelDataRate != 0 {
+		d.AccelDataRate = cfg.AccelDataRate
+	} else {
+		d.AccelDataRate = ACCEL_DATARATE_100HZ
+	}
+
+	if cfg.AccelPowerMode != 0 {
+		d.AccelPowerMode = cfg.AccelPowerMode
+	} else {
+		d.AccelPowerMode = ACCEL_POWER_NORMAL
+	}
+
+	if cfg.AccelRange != 0 {
+		d.AccelRange = cfg.AccelRange
+	} else {
+		d.AccelRange = ACCEL_RANGE_2G
+	}
+
+	if cfg.MagPowerMode != 0 {
+		d.MagPowerMode = cfg.MagPowerMode
+	} else {
+		d.MagPowerMode = MAG_POWER_NORMAL
+	}
+
+	if cfg.MagDataRate != 0 {
+		d.MagDataRate = cfg.MagDataRate
+	} else {
+		d.MagDataRate = MAG_DATARATE_10HZ
+	}
+
+	if cfg.MagSystemMode != 0 {
+		d.MagSystemMode = cfg.MagSystemMode
+	} else {
+		d.MagSystemMode = MAG_SYSTEM_CONTINUOUS
+	}
+
+	data := d.buf[:1]
+
+	data[0] = byte(d.AccelDataRate<<4 | d.AccelPowerMode | 0x07)
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), ACCEL_CTRL_REG1_A, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	data[0] = byte(0x80 | d.AccelRange<<4)
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), ACCEL_CTRL_REG4_A, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	data[0] = byte(0xC0)
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), CRA_REG_M, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Temperature compensation is on for magnetic sensor
+	data[0] = byte(0x80 | d.MagPowerMode<<4 | d.MagDataRate<<2 | d.MagSystemMode)
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), MAG_MR_REG_M, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadAcceleration reads the current acceleration from the device and returns
+// it in µg (micro-gravity). When one of the axes is pointing straight to Earth
+// and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
+// -1000000.
+func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
+	data := d.buf[:6]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), ACCEL_OUT_AUTO_INC, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	rangeFactor := int16(0)
+	switch d.AccelRange {
+	case ACCEL_RANGE_2G:
+		rangeFactor = 1
+	case ACCEL_RANGE_4G:
+		rangeFactor = 2
+	case ACCEL_RANGE_8G:
+		rangeFactor = 4
+	case ACCEL_RANGE_16G:
+		rangeFactor = 12 // the readings in 16G are a bit lower
+	}
+
+	x = int32(int32(int16((uint16(data[1])<<8|uint16(data[0])))>>4*rangeFactor) * 1000000 / 1024)
+	y = int32(int32(int16((uint16(data[3])<<8|uint16(data[2])))>>4*rangeFactor) * 1000000 / 1024)
+	z = int32(int32(int16((uint16(data[5])<<8|uint16(data[4])))>>4*rangeFactor) * 1000000 / 1024)
+	return
+}
+
+// ReadPitchRoll reads the current pitch and roll angles from the device and
+// returns it in micro-degrees. When the z axis is pointing straight to Earth
+// the returned values of pitch and roll would be zero.
+func (d *Device) ReadPitchRoll() (pitch, roll int32, err error) {
+
+	x, y, z, err := d.ReadAcceleration()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	xf, yf, zf := float64(x), float64(y), float64(z)
+	pitch = int32((math.Round(math.Atan2(yf, math.Sqrt(math.Pow(xf, 2)+math.Pow(zf, 2)))*(180/math.Pi)*100) / 100) * 1000000)
+	roll = int32((math.Round(math.Atan2(xf, math.Sqrt(math.Pow(yf, 2)+math.Pow(zf, 2)))*(180/math.Pi)*100) / 100) * 1000000)
+	return
+
+}
+
+// ReadMagneticField reads the current magnetic field from the device and returns
+// it in mG (milligauss). 1 mG = 0.1 µT (microtesla).
+func (d *Device) ReadMagneticField() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
+
+	if d.MagSystemMode == MAG_SYSTEM_SINGLE {
+		cmd := d.buf[:1]
+		cmd[0] = byte(0x80 | d.MagPowerMode<<4 | d.MagDataRate<<2 | d.MagSystemMode)
+		err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), MAG_MR_REG_M, cmd)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	data := d.buf[0:6]
+	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), MAG_OUT_AUTO_INC, data)
+
+	x = int32(int16((uint16(data[1])<<8 | uint16(data[0]))))
+	y = int32(int16((uint16(data[3])<<8 | uint16(data[2]))))
+	z = int32(int16((uint16(data[5])<<8 | uint16(data[4]))))
+	return
+}
+
+// ReadCompass reads the current compass heading from the device and returns
+// it in micro-degrees. When the z axis is pointing straight to Earth and
+// the y axis is pointing to North, the heading would be zero.
+//
+// However, the heading may be off due to electronic compasses would be effected
+// by strong magnetic fields and require constant calibration.
+func (d *Device) ReadCompass() (h int32, err error) {
+
+	x, y, _, err := d.ReadMagneticField()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	xf, yf := float64(x), float64(y)
+	h = int32(float32((180/math.Pi)*math.Atan2(yf, xf)) * 1000000)
+	return
+}
+
+// ReadTemperature returns the temperature in Celsius milli degrees (°C/1000)
+func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (t int32, err error) {
+
+	data := d.buf[:2]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), TEMP_OUT_AUTO_INC, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	r := int16((uint16(data[1])<<8 | uint16(data[0]))) >> 4 // temperature offset from 25 °C
+	t = 25000 + int32((float32(r)/8)*1000)
+	return
+}

lsm303dlhc/registers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package lsm303dlhc
+
+const (
+
+	// Constants/addresses used for I2C.
+	ACCEL_ADDRESS = 0x19
+	MAG_ADDRESS   = 0x1E
+
+	// i2C 8-bit subaddress (SUB): the 7 LSb represent the actual register address
+	// while the MSB enables address auto increment.
+	// If the MSb of the SUB field is 1, the SUB (register address) is
+	// automatically increased to allow multiple data read/writes.
+	ADDR_AUTO_INC_MASK = 0x80
+
+	// accelerometer registers.
+	ACCEL_CTRL_REG1_A  = 0x20
+	ACCEL_CTRL_REG4_A  = 0x23
+	ACCEL_OUT_X_L_A    = 0x28
+	ACCEL_OUT_X_H_A    = 0x29
+	ACCEL_OUT_Y_L_A    = 0x2A
+	ACCEL_OUT_Y_H_A    = 0x2B
+	ACCEL_OUT_Z_L_A    = 0x2C
+	ACCEL_OUT_Z_H_A    = 0x2D
+	ACCEL_OUT_AUTO_INC = ACCEL_OUT_X_L_A | ADDR_AUTO_INC_MASK
+
+	// magnetic sensor registers.
+	MAG_MR_REG_M     = 0x02
+	MAG_OUT_X_L_M    = 0x68
+	MAG_OUT_X_H_M    = 0x69
+	MAG_OUT_Y_L_M    = 0x6A
+	MAG_OUT_Y_H_M    = 0x6B
+	MAG_OUT_Z_L_M    = 0x6C
+	MAG_OUT_Z_H_M    = 0x6D
+	MAG_OUT_AUTO_INC = MAG_OUT_X_L_M | ADDR_AUTO_INC_MASK
+
+	// temperature sensor registers.
+	CRA_REG_M         = 0x80
+	TEMP_OUT_L_M      = 0x32
+	TEMP_OUT_H_M      = 0x31
+	TEMP_OUT_AUTO_INC = TEMP_OUT_L_M | ADDR_AUTO_INC_MASK
+
+	// accelerometer power mode.
+	ACCEL_POWER_NORMAL = 0x00 // default
+	ACCEL_POWER_LOW    = 0x08
+
+	// accelerometer range.
+	ACCEL_RANGE_2G  = 0x00 // default
+	ACCEL_RANGE_4G  = 0x01
+	ACCEL_RANGE_8G  = 0x02
+	ACCEL_RANGE_16G = 0x03
+
+	// accelerometer data rate.
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_1HZ    = 0x01
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_10HZ   = 0x02
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_25HZ   = 0x03
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_50HZ   = 0x04
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_100HZ  = 0x05 // default
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_200HZ  = 0x06
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_400HZ  = 0x07
+	ACCEL_DATARATE_1344HZ = 0x09 // 5376Hz in low-power mode
+
+	// magnetic sensor power mode.
+	MAG_POWER_NORMAL = 0x00 // default
+	MAG_POWER_LOW    = 0x01
+
+	// magnetic sensor operate mode.
+	MAG_SYSTEM_CONTINUOUS = 0x00 // default
+	MAG_SYSTEM_SINGLE     = 0x01
+
+	// magnetic sensor data rate
+	MAG_DATARATE_10HZ  = 0x00 // default
+	MAG_DATARATE_20HZ  = 0x01
+	MAG_DATARATE_50HZ  = 0x02
+	MAG_DATARATE_100HZ = 0x03
+)

lsm6ds3tr/lsm6ds3tr.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type AccelRange uint8
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ type Device struct {
 	accelSampleRate AccelSampleRate
 	gyroRange       GyroRange
 	gyroSampleRate  GyroSampleRate
-	buf             [6]uint8
+	buf             [7]uint8 // up to 6 bytes for read + 1 byte for the register address
 }
 
 // Configuration for LSM6DS3TR device.
@@ -84,30 +83,20 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 		d.gyroSampleRate = GYRO_SR_104
 	}
 
-	data := d.buf[:1]
-
 	// Configure accelerometer
-	data[0] = uint8(d.accelRange) | uint8(d.accelSampleRate)
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), CTRL1_XL, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(CTRL1_XL, uint8(d.accelRange)|uint8(d.accelSampleRate))
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Set ODR bit
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), CTRL4_C, data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	data[0] = data[0] &^ BW_SCAL_ODR_ENABLED
-	data[0] |= BW_SCAL_ODR_ENABLED
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), CTRL4_C, data)
+	// Enable ODR scaling
+	err = d.setBits(CTRL4_C, BW_SCAL_ODR_ENABLED)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Configure gyroscope
-	data[0] = uint8(d.gyroRange) | uint8(d.gyroSampleRate)
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), CTRL2_G, data)
+	err = d.writeByte(CTRL2_G, uint8(d.gyroRange)|uint8(d.gyroSampleRate))
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -118,8 +107,10 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 // Connected returns whether a LSM6DS3TR has been found.
 // It does a "who am I" request and checks the response.
 func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
-	data := d.buf[:1]
-	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), WHO_AM_I, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(WHO_AM_I, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	return data[0] == 0x6A
 }
 
@@ -128,8 +119,7 @@ func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 // and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
 // -1000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:6]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), OUTX_L_XL, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(OUTX_L_XL, 6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -153,8 +143,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 // rotation along one axis and while doing so integrate all values over time,
 // you would get a value close to 360000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:6]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), OUTX_L_G, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(OUTX_L_G, 6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -177,8 +166,7 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 
 // ReadTemperature returns the temperature in celsius milli degrees (°C/1000)
 func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (t int32, err error) {
-	data := d.buf[:2]
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), OUT_TEMP_L, data)
+	data, err := d.readBytes(OUT_TEMP_L, 2)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -187,3 +175,26 @@ func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (t int32, err error) {
 	t = 25000 + (int32(int16((int16(data[1])<<8)|int16(data[0])))*125)/32
 	return
 }
+
+func (d *Device) readBytes(reg, size uint8) ([]byte, error) {
+	d.buf[0] = reg
+	err := d.bus.Tx(d.Address, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:size+1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return d.buf[1 : size+1], nil
+}
+
+func (d *Device) writeByte(reg, value uint8) error {
+	d.buf[0] = reg
+	d.buf[1] = value
+	return d.bus.Tx(d.Address, d.buf[0:2], nil)
+}
+
+func (d *Device) setBits(reg, bits uint8) error {
+	data, err := d.readBytes(reg, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return d.writeByte(reg, (data[0]&^bits)|bits)
+}

max6675/max6675.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package max6675
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"machine"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // ErrThermocoupleOpen is returned when the thermocouple input is open.
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ var ErrThermocoupleOpen = errors.New("thermocouple input open")
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus drivers.SPI
-	cs  machine.Pin
+	cs  pin.OutputFunc
 }
 
 // Create a new Device to read from a MAX6675 thermocouple.
 // Pins must be configured before use.  Frequency for SPI
 // should be 4.3MHz maximum.
-func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs machine.Pin) *Device {
+func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs pin.Output) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus: bus,
-		cs:  cs,
+		cs:  cs.Set,
 	}
 }
 

max72xx/max72xx.go

@@ -3,31 +3,35 @@
 package max72xx
 
 import (
-	"machine"
-
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Device struct {
-	bus drivers.SPI
-	cs  machine.Pin
+	bus           drivers.SPI
+	cs            pin.OutputFunc
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // NewDriver creates a new max7219 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured
 // The SPI frequency must not be higher than 10MHz.
 // parameter cs: the datasheet also refers to this pin as "load" pin.
-func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs machine.Pin) *Device {
+func NewDevice(bus drivers.SPI, cs pin.Output) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus: bus,
-		cs:  cs,
+		cs:  cs.Set,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(cs)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure setups the pins.
 func (driver *Device) Configure() {
-	outPutConfig := machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput}
-
-	driver.cs.Configure(outPutConfig)
+	if driver.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	driver.configurePins()
 }
 
 // SetScanLimit sets the scan limit. Maximum is 8.
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ func (driver *Device) writeByte(data byte) {
 
 // WriteCommand write data to a given register.
 func (driver *Device) WriteCommand(register, data byte) {
-	driver.cs.Low()
+	driver.cs(false)
 	driver.writeByte(register)
 	driver.writeByte(data)
-	driver.cs.High()
+	driver.cs(true)
 }

mcp2515/mcp2515.go

@@ -8,18 +8,19 @@ package mcp2515 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/mcp2515"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // Device wraps MCP2515 SPI CAN Module.
 type Device struct {
-	spi     SPI
-	cs      machine.Pin
-	msg     *CANMsg
-	mcpMode byte
+	spi           SPI
+	cs            pin.OutputFunc
+	msg           *CANMsg
+	mcpMode       byte
+	configurePins func()
 }
 
 // CANMsg stores CAN message fields.
@@ -36,15 +37,18 @@ const (
 )
 
 // New returns a new MCP2515 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin machine.Pin) *Device {
+func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin pin.Output) *Device {
 	d := &Device{
 		spi: SPI{
 			bus: b,
 			tx:  make([]byte, 0, bufferSize),
 			rx:  make([]byte, 0, bufferSize),
 		},
-		cs:  csPin,
+		cs:  csPin.Set,
 		msg: &CANMsg{},
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+		},
 	}
 
 	return d
@@ -52,7 +56,10 @@ func New(b drivers.SPI, csPin machine.Pin) *Device {
 
 // Configure sets up the device for communication.
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.configurePins()
 }
 
 const beginTimeoutValue int = 10

pcd8544/pcd8544.go

@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ package pcd8544 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/pcd8544"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus        drivers.SPI
-	dcPin      machine.Pin
-	rstPin     machine.Pin
-	scePin     machine.Pin
+	dcPin      pin.OutputFunc
+	rstPin     pin.OutputFunc
+	scePin     pin.OutputFunc
 	buffer     []byte
 	width      int16
 	height     int16
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new PCD8544 connection. The SPI bus must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, rstPin, scePin machine.Pin) *Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, rstPin, scePin pin.Output) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus:    bus,
-		dcPin:  dcPin,
-		rstPin: rstPin,
-		scePin: scePin,
+		dcPin:  dcPin.Set,
+		rstPin: rstPin.Set,
+		scePin: scePin.Set,
 	}
 }
 

seesaw/encoder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package seesaw
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+var errInvalidEncoderNumber = errors.New("invalid encoder choice, 0-15 are supported")
+
+// GetEncoderPosition returns the absolute position (or delta since the previous call) of the specified rotary encoder.
+func (d *Device) GetEncoderPosition(encoder uint, asDelta bool) (int32, error) {
+	if encoder >= 16 {
+		return 0, errInvalidEncoderNumber
+	}
+
+	// The function address' upper nibble is the function, the lower nibble selects which encoder to communicate with
+	fnAddr := FunctionAddress(encoder)
+	if asDelta {
+		fnAddr |= FunctionEncoderDelta
+	} else {
+		fnAddr |= FunctionEncoderPosition
+	}
+
+	var buf [4]byte
+	err := d.Read(ModuleEncoderBase, fnAddr, buf[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int32(buf[0])<<24 | int32(buf[1])<<16 | int32(buf[2])<<8 | int32(buf[3]), nil
+}
+
+// SetEncoderPosition calibrate's the encoder's current absolute position to be whatever the provided position is.
+func (d *Device) SetEncoderPosition(encoder uint, position int32) error {
+	if encoder >= 16 {
+		return errInvalidEncoderNumber
+	}
+
+	// The function address' upper nibble is the function, the lower nibble selects which encoder to communicate with
+	fnAddr := FunctionEncoderPosition | FunctionAddress(encoder)
+
+	buf := [4]byte{
+		byte(position >> 24),
+		byte(position >> 16),
+		byte(position >> 8),
+		byte(position),
+	}
+
+	return d.Write(ModuleEncoderBase, fnAddr, buf[:])
+}

seesaw/registers.go

@@ -98,3 +98,13 @@ const (
 	FunctionKeypadCount    FunctionAddress = 0x04
 	FunctionKeypadFifo     FunctionAddress = 0x10
 )
+
+// encoder module function address registers
+// these are the defaults for encoder 0, change the lower nibble to address other encoders
+// see the Device.GetEncoderPosition and SetEncoderPosition methods for examples.
+const (
+	FunctionEncoderIntenset FunctionAddress = 0x10
+	FunctionEncoderIntenclr FunctionAddress = 0x20
+	FunctionEncoderPosition FunctionAddress = 0x30
+	FunctionEncoderDelta    FunctionAddress = 0x40
+)

shiftregister/shiftregister.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 package shiftregister
 
 import (
-	"machine"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type NumberBit int8
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ const (
 
 // Device holds pin number
 type Device struct {
-	latch, clock, out machine.Pin // IC wiring
-	bits              NumberBit   // Pin number
-	mask              uint32      // keep all pins state
+	latch, clock, out pin.OutputFunc // IC wiring
+	config            func()
+	bits              NumberBit // Pin number
+	mask              uint32    // keep all pins state
 }
 
 // ShiftPin is the implementation of the ShiftPin interface.
@@ -29,35 +30,40 @@ type ShiftPin struct {
 }
 
 // New returns a new shift output register device
-func New(Bits NumberBit, Latch, Clock, Out machine.Pin) *Device {
+func New(Bits NumberBit, Latch, Clock, Out pin.Output) *Device {
 	return &Device{
-		latch: Latch,
-		clock: Clock,
-		out:   Out,
+		latch: Latch.Set,
+		clock: Clock.Set,
+		out:   Out.Set,
 		bits:  Bits,
+		config: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(Latch)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(Clock)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(Out)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure set hardware configuration
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	d.latch.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.clock.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.out.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.latch.High()
+	if d.config == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.latch(true)
 }
 
 // WriteMask applies mask's bits to register's outputs pin
 // mask's MSB set Q1, LSB set Q8 (for 8 bits mask)
 func (d *Device) WriteMask(mask uint32) {
 	d.mask = mask // Keep the mask for individual addressing
-	d.latch.Low()
+	d.latch(false)
 	for i := 0; i < int(d.bits); i++ {
-		d.clock.Low()
-		d.out.Set(mask&1 != 0)
+		d.clock(false)
+		d.out(mask&1 != 0)
 		mask = mask >> 1
-		d.clock.High()
+		d.clock(true)
 	}
-	d.latch.High()
+	d.latch(true)
 }
 
 // GetShiftPin return an individually addressable pin

smoketest.sh

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/lis3dh/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/lps22hb/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/lsm303agr/main.go
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m4 ./examples/lsm303dlhc/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/lsm6ds3/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mag3110/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mcp23017/main.go
@@ -58,15 +59,17 @@ tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=p1am-100 ./examples/p1am/ma
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/pca9685/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/pcd8544/setbuffer/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/pcd8544/setpixel/main.go
-tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/seesaw
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/seesaw/soil-sensor
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=qtpy-rp2040 ./examples/seesaw/rotary-encoder
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino ./examples/servo
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico     ./examples/sgp30
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pybadge ./examples/shifter/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/sht3x/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/sht4x/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/shtc3/main.go
-tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/ssd1306/i2c_128x32/main.go
-tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/ssd1306/spi_128x64/main.go
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao-ble ./examples/ssd1306/
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao-rp2040 ./examples/ssd1306/
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=thumby ./examples/ssd1306/
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/ssd1331/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/st7735/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/st7789/main.go
@@ -140,6 +143,7 @@ tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=pico ./examples/tmc2209/mai
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/tmc5160/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=nicenano ./examples/sharpmem/main.go
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-nrf52840 ./examples/max6675/main.go
+tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/ens160/main.go
 # network examples (espat)
 tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=challenger-rp2040 ./examples/net/ntpclient/
 # network examples (wifinina)

ssd1289/pinbus.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build baremetal
+
 package ssd1289
 
 import "machine"

ssd1289/ssd1289.go

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ package ssd1289
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Bus interface {
@@ -14,33 +15,32 @@ type Bus interface {
 }
 
 type Device struct {
-	rs  machine.Pin
-	wr  machine.Pin
-	cs  machine.Pin
-	rst machine.Pin
+	rs  pin.OutputFunc
+	wr  pin.OutputFunc
+	cs  pin.OutputFunc
+	rst pin.OutputFunc
 	bus Bus
 }
 
 const width = int16(240)
 const height = int16(320)
 
-func New(rs machine.Pin, wr machine.Pin, cs machine.Pin, rst machine.Pin, bus Bus) Device {
+func New(rs pin.Output, wr pin.Output, cs pin.Output, rst pin.Output, bus Bus) Device {
 	d := Device{
-		rs:  rs,
-		wr:  wr,
-		cs:  cs,
-		rst: rst,
+		rs:  rs.Set,
+		wr:  wr.Set,
+		cs:  cs.Set,
+		rst: rst.Set,
 		bus: bus,
 	}
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rs)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(wr)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(cs)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rst)
 
-	rs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	wr.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-
-	cs.High()
-	rst.High()
-	wr.High()
+	d.cs.High()
+	d.rst.High()
+	d.wr.High()
 
 	return d
 }

ssd1306/ssd1306.go

@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@ package ssd1306 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1306"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -23,16 +21,15 @@ type ResetValue [2]byte
 
 // Device wraps I2C or SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
-	bus        Buser
-	buffer     []byte
-	width      int16
-	height     int16
-	bufferSize int16
-	vccState   VccMode
-	canReset   bool
-	resetCol   ResetValue
-	resetPage  ResetValue
-	rotation   drivers.Rotation
+	bus       Buser
+	buffer    []byte
+	width     int16
+	height    int16
+	vccState  VccMode
+	canReset  bool
+	resetCol  ResetValue
+	resetPage ResetValue
+	rotation  drivers.Rotation
 }
 
 // Config is the configuration for the display
@@ -51,51 +48,15 @@ type Config struct {
 	Rotation  drivers.Rotation
 }
 
-type I2CBus struct {
-	wire    drivers.I2C
-	Address uint16
-}
-
-type SPIBus struct {
-	wire     drivers.SPI
-	dcPin    machine.Pin
-	resetPin machine.Pin
-	csPin    machine.Pin
-}
-
 type Buser interface {
-	configure() error
-	tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error
-	setAddress(address uint16) error
+	configure(address uint16, size int16) []byte // configure the bus and return the image buffer to use
+	command(cmd uint8) error                     // send a command to the display
+	flush() error                                // send the image to the display, faster than "tx()" in i2c case since avoids slice copy
+	tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error        // generic transmit function
 }
 
 type VccMode uint8
 
-// NewI2C creates a new SSD1306 connection. The I2C wire must already be configured.
-func NewI2C(bus drivers.I2C) Device {
-	return Device{
-		bus: &I2CBus{
-			wire:    bus,
-			Address: Address,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// NewSPI creates a new SSD1306 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func NewSPI(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, resetPin, csPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	return Device{
-		bus: &SPIBus{
-			wire:     bus,
-			dcPin:    dcPin,
-			resetPin: resetPin,
-			csPin:    csPin,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
 // Configure initializes the display with default configuration
 func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	var zeroReset ResetValue
@@ -109,9 +70,6 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	} else {
 		d.height = 64
 	}
-	if cfg.Address != 0 {
-		d.bus.setAddress(cfg.Address)
-	}
 	if cfg.VccState != 0 {
 		d.vccState = cfg.VccState
 	} else {
@@ -127,11 +85,9 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	} else {
 		d.resetPage = ResetValue{0, uint8(d.height/8) - 1}
 	}
-	d.bufferSize = d.width * d.height / 8
-	d.buffer = make([]byte, d.bufferSize)
 	d.canReset = cfg.Address != 0 || d.width != 128 || d.height != 64 // I2C or not 128x64
 
-	d.bus.configure()
+	d.buffer = d.bus.configure(cfg.Address, d.width*d.height/8)
 
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Nanosecond)
 	d.Command(DISPLAYOFF)
@@ -193,11 +149,22 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	d.Command(NORMALDISPLAY)
 	d.Command(DEACTIVATE_SCROLL)
 	d.Command(DISPLAYON)
+
+}
+
+// Command sends a command to the display
+func (d *Device) Command(command uint8) {
+	d.bus.command(command)
+}
+
+// Tx sends data to the display; if isCommand is false, this also updates the image buffer.
+func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
+	return d.bus.tx(data, isCommand)
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer clears the image buffer
 func (d *Device) ClearBuffer() {
-	for i := int16(0); i < d.bufferSize; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < len(d.buffer); i++ {
 		d.buffer[i] = 0
 	}
 }
@@ -223,7 +190,7 @@ func (d *Device) Display() error {
 		d.Command(d.resetPage[1])
 	}
 
-	return d.Tx(d.buffer, false)
+	return d.bus.flush()
 }
 
 // SetPixel enables or disables a pixel in the buffer
@@ -252,12 +219,10 @@ func (d *Device) GetPixel(x int16, y int16) bool {
 
 // SetBuffer changes the whole buffer at once
 func (d *Device) SetBuffer(buffer []byte) error {
-	if int16(len(buffer)) != d.bufferSize {
+	if len(buffer) != len(d.buffer) {
 		return errBufferSize
 	}
-	for i := int16(0); i < d.bufferSize; i++ {
-		d.buffer[i] = buffer[i]
-	}
+	copy(d.buffer, buffer)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -266,81 +231,6 @@ func (d *Device) GetBuffer() []byte {
 	return d.buffer
 }
 
-// Command sends a command to the display
-func (d *Device) Command(command uint8) {
-	d.bus.tx([]byte{command}, true)
-}
-
-// setAddress sets the address to the I2C bus
-func (b *I2CBus) setAddress(address uint16) error {
-	b.Address = address
-	return nil
-}
-
-// setAddress does nothing, but it's required to avoid reflection
-func (b *SPIBus) setAddress(address uint16) error {
-	// do nothing
-	println("trying to Configure an address on a SPI device")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// configure does nothing, but it's required to avoid reflection
-func (b *I2CBus) configure() error { return nil }
-
-// configure configures some pins with the SPI bus
-func (b *SPIBus) configure() error {
-	b.csPin.Low()
-	b.dcPin.Low()
-	b.resetPin.Low()
-
-	b.resetPin.High()
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	b.resetPin.Low()
-	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
-	b.resetPin.High()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Tx sends data to the display
-func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
-	return d.bus.tx(data, isCommand)
-}
-
-// tx sends data to the display (I2CBus implementation)
-func (b *I2CBus) tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
-	if isCommand {
-		return legacy.WriteRegister(b.wire, uint8(b.Address), 0x00, data)
-	} else {
-		return legacy.WriteRegister(b.wire, uint8(b.Address), 0x40, data)
-	}
-}
-
-// tx sends data to the display (SPIBus implementation)
-func (b *SPIBus) tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
-	var err error
-
-	if isCommand {
-		b.csPin.High()
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-		b.dcPin.Low()
-		b.csPin.Low()
-
-		err = b.wire.Tx(data, nil)
-		b.csPin.High()
-	} else {
-		b.csPin.High()
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-		b.dcPin.High()
-		b.csPin.Low()
-
-		err = b.wire.Tx(data, nil)
-		b.csPin.High()
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
 // Size returns the current size of the display.
 func (d *Device) Size() (w, h int16) {
 	return d.width, d.height

ssd1306/ssd1306_i2c.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package ssd1306
+
+import (
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+type I2CBus struct {
+	wire    drivers.I2C
+	address uint16
+	buffer  []byte // buffer to avoid heap allocations
+}
+
+// NewI2C creates a new SSD1306 connection. The I2C wire must already be configured.
+func NewI2C(bus drivers.I2C) *Device {
+	return &Device{
+		bus: &I2CBus{
+			wire:    bus,
+			address: Address,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// configure address for the I2C bus and allocate the buffer
+func (b *I2CBus) configure(address uint16, size int16) []byte {
+	if address != 0 {
+		b.address = address
+	}
+	b.buffer = make([]byte, size+2) // +1 for the mode and +1 for a command
+	return b.buffer[2:]             // return the image buffer
+}
+
+// command sends a command to the display
+func (b *I2CBus) command(cmd uint8) error {
+	b.buffer[0] = 0x00 // Command mode
+	b.buffer[1] = cmd
+	return b.wire.Tx(b.address, b.buffer[:2], nil)
+}
+
+// flush sends the image to the display
+func (b *I2CBus) flush() error {
+	b.buffer[1] = 0x40 // Data mode
+	return b.wire.Tx(b.address, b.buffer[1:], nil)
+}
+
+// tx sends data to the display
+func (b *I2CBus) tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
+	if isCommand {
+		return b.command(data[0])
+	}
+	copy(b.buffer[2:], data)
+	return b.flush()
+}

ssd1306/ssd1306_spi.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package ssd1306
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+type SPIBus struct {
+	wire     drivers.SPI
+	dcPin    machine.Pin
+	resetPin machine.Pin
+	csPin    machine.Pin
+	buffer   []byte // buffer to avoid heap allocations
+}
+
+// NewSPI creates a new SSD1306 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
+func NewSPI(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, resetPin, csPin machine.Pin) *Device {
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	return &Device{
+		bus: &SPIBus{
+			wire:     bus,
+			dcPin:    dcPin,
+			resetPin: resetPin,
+			csPin:    csPin,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// configure pins with the SPI bus and allocate the buffer
+func (b *SPIBus) configure(address uint16, size int16) []byte {
+	b.csPin.Low()
+	b.dcPin.Low()
+	b.resetPin.Low()
+
+	b.resetPin.High()
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	b.resetPin.Low()
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	b.resetPin.High()
+
+	b.buffer = make([]byte, size+1) // +1 for a command
+	return b.buffer[1:]             // return the image buffer
+}
+
+// command sends a command to the display
+func (b *SPIBus) command(cmd uint8) error {
+	b.buffer[0] = cmd
+	return b.tx(b.buffer[:1], true)
+}
+
+// flush sends the image to the display
+func (b *SPIBus) flush() error {
+	return b.tx(b.buffer[1:], false)
+}
+
+// tx sends data to the display
+func (b *SPIBus) tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
+	b.csPin.High()
+	b.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
+	b.csPin.Low()
+	err := b.wire.Tx(data, nil)
+	b.csPin.High()
+	return err
+}

ssd1331/ssd1331.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Model uint8
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ type Rotation uint8
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
 	bus         drivers.SPI
-	dcPin       machine.Pin
-	resetPin    machine.Pin
-	csPin       machine.Pin
+	dcPin       pin.OutputFunc
+	resetPin    pin.OutputFunc
+	csPin       pin.OutputFunc
 	width       int16
 	height      int16
 	batchLength int16
@@ -37,14 +38,14 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // New creates a new SSD1331 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
 func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(resetPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
+		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
+		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
+		csPin:    csPin.Set,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 

ssd1351/ssd1351.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package ssd1351 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/ssd1351"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -19,17 +19,18 @@ var (
 
 // Device wraps an SPI connection.
 type Device struct {
-	bus          drivers.SPI
-	dcPin        machine.Pin
-	resetPin     machine.Pin
-	csPin        machine.Pin
-	enPin        machine.Pin
-	rwPin        machine.Pin
-	width        int16
-	height       int16
-	rowOffset    int16
-	columnOffset int16
-	bufferLength int16
+	bus           drivers.SPI
+	dcPin         pin.OutputFunc
+	resetPin      pin.OutputFunc
+	csPin         pin.OutputFunc
+	enPin         pin.OutputFunc
+	rwPin         pin.OutputFunc
+	configurePins func()
+	width         int16
+	height        int16
+	rowOffset     int16
+	columnOffset  int16
+	bufferLength  int16
 }
 
 // Config is the configuration for the display
@@ -41,19 +42,29 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new SSD1351 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, enPin, rwPin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, enPin, rwPin pin.Output) Device {
 	return Device{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
-		enPin:    enPin,
-		rwPin:    rwPin,
+		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
+		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
+		csPin:    csPin.Set,
+		enPin:    enPin.Set,
+		rwPin:    rwPin.Set,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(resetPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(enPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(rwPin)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 // Configure initializes the display with default configuration
 func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
 	if cfg.Width == 0 {
 		cfg.Width = 128
 	}
@@ -73,11 +84,7 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	}
 
 	// configure GPIO pins
-	d.dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.enPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.rwPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	d.configurePins()
 
 	// reset the device
 	d.resetPin.High()
@@ -278,7 +285,7 @@ func (d *Device) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *Device) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
 	d.csPin.Low()
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 	d.csPin.High()

st7735/st7735.go

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ package st7735 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7735"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ type Device = DeviceOf[pixel.RGB565BE]
 // formats.
 type DeviceOf[T Color] struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	dcPin        machine.Pin
-	resetPin     machine.Pin
-	csPin        machine.Pin
-	blPin        machine.Pin
+	dcPin        pin.OutputFunc
+	resetPin     pin.OutputFunc
+	csPin        pin.OutputFunc
+	blPin        pin.OutputFunc
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
 	columnOffset int16
@@ -65,23 +65,23 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7735 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin pin.Output) Device {
 	return NewOf[pixel.RGB565BE](bus, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
 }
 
 // NewOf creates a new ST7735 connection with a particular pixel format. The SPI
 // wire must already be configured.
-func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) DeviceOf[T] {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin pin.Output) DeviceOf[T] {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(resetPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(blPin)
 	return DeviceOf[T]{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
-		blPin:    blPin,
+		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
+		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
+		csPin:    csPin.Set,
+		blPin:    blPin.Set,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Data(data uint8) {
 
 // Tx sends data to the display
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) {
-	d.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
+	d.dcPin(!isCommand)
 	d.bus.Tx(data, nil)
 }
 
@@ -438,9 +438,9 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Size() (w, h int16) {
 // EnableBacklight enables or disables the backlight
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) EnableBacklight(enable bool) {
 	if enable {
-		d.blPin.High()
+		d.blPin(true)
 	} else {
-		d.blPin.Low()
+		d.blPin(false)
 	}
 }
 

st7789/st7789.go

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ package st7789 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7789"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ type Device = DeviceOf[pixel.RGB565BE]
 // formats.
 type DeviceOf[T Color] struct {
 	bus             drivers.SPI
-	dcPin           machine.Pin
-	resetPin        machine.Pin
-	csPin           machine.Pin
-	blPin           machine.Pin
+	dcPin           pin.OutputFunc
+	resetPin        pin.OutputFunc
+	csPin           pin.OutputFunc
+	blPin           pin.OutputFunc
 	width           int16
 	height          int16
 	columnOffsetCfg int16
@@ -83,23 +83,27 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7789 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin pin.Output) Device {
 	return NewOf[pixel.RGB565BE](bus, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
 }
 
 // NewOf creates a new ST7789 connection with a particular pixel format. The SPI
 // wire must already be configured.
-func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) DeviceOf[T] {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin pin.Output) DeviceOf[T] {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(resetPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(blPin)
+	var cs pin.OutputFunc
+	if !pin.IsNotPin(csPin) {
+		cs = csPin.Set
+	}
 	return DeviceOf[T]{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
-		blPin:    blPin,
+		dcPin:    dcPin.Set,
+		resetPin: resetPin.Set,
+		csPin:    cs,
+		blPin:    blPin.Set,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) sendCommand(command uint8, data []byte) error {
 // startWrite must be called at the beginning of all exported methods to set the
 // chip select pin low.
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) startWrite() {
-	if d.csPin != machine.NoPin {
+	if d.csPin != nil {
 		d.csPin.Low()
 	}
 }
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) startWrite() {
 // endWrite must be called at the end of all exported methods to set the chip
 // select pin high.
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) endWrite() {
-	if d.csPin != machine.NoPin {
+	if d.csPin != nil {
 		d.csPin.High()
 	}
 }

sx127x/sx127x.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package sx127x
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/lora"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const (
 // Device wraps an SPI connection to a SX127x device.
 type Device struct {
 	spi            drivers.SPI          // SPI bus for module communication
-	rstPin         machine.Pin          // GPIO for reset
+	rstPin         pin.OutputFunc       // GPIO for reset
 	radioEventChan chan lora.RadioEvent // Channel for Receiving events
 	loraConf       lora.Config          // Current Lora configuration
 	controller     RadioController      // to manage interactions with the radio
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ func (d *Device) GetRadioEventChan() chan lora.RadioEvent {
 }
 
 // New creates a new SX127x connection. The SPI bus must already be configured.
-func New(spi drivers.SPI, rstPin machine.Pin) *Device {
+func New(spi drivers.SPI, rstPin pin.Output) *Device {
 	k := Device{
 		spi:            spi,
-		rstPin:         rstPin,
+		rstPin:         rstPin.Set,
 		radioEventChan: make(chan lora.RadioEvent, RADIOEVENTCHAN_SIZE),
 		spiTxBuf:       make([]byte, SPI_BUFFER_SIZE),
 		spiRxBuf:       make([]byte, SPI_BUFFER_SIZE),
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ func (d *Device) SetRadioController(rc RadioController) error {
 
 // Reset re-initialize the sx127x device
 func (d *Device) Reset() {
-	d.rstPin.Low()
+	d.rstPin(false)
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-	d.rstPin.High()
+	d.rstPin(true)
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 }
 

tmc2209/uartcomm.go

@@ -57,14 +57,10 @@ func (comm *UARTComm) WriteRegister(register uint8, value uint32, driverIndex ui
 		byte((value >> 16) & 0xFF), // Middle byte
 		byte((value >> 8) & 0xFF),  // Next byte
 		byte(value & 0xFF),         // LSB of value
+		0,                          // CRC
 	}
 
-	// Calculate checksum by XORing all bytes
-	checksum := byte(0)
-	for _, b := range buffer[:7] {
-		checksum ^= b
-	}
-	buffer[7] = checksum // Set checksum byte
+	buffer[7] = CalculateCRC(buffer[:7])
 
 	// Write the data to the TMC2209
 	done := make(chan error, 1)
@@ -86,10 +82,10 @@ func (comm *UARTComm) WriteRegister(register uint8, value uint32, driverIndex ui
 // ReadRegister sends a register read command to the TMC2209 with a timeout.
 func (comm *UARTComm) ReadRegister(register uint8, driverIndex uint8) (uint32, error) {
 	var writeBuffer [4]byte
-	writeBuffer[0] = 0x05                                             // Sync byte
-	writeBuffer[1] = 0x00                                             // Slave address
-	writeBuffer[2] = register & 0x7F                                  // Read command (MSB clear for read)
-	writeBuffer[3] = writeBuffer[0] ^ writeBuffer[1] ^ writeBuffer[2] // Checksum
+	writeBuffer[0] = 0x05            // Sync byte
+	writeBuffer[1] = 0x00            // Slave address
+	writeBuffer[2] = register & 0x7F // Read command (MSB clear for read)
+	writeBuffer[3] = CalculateCRC(writeBuffer[:3])
 
 	// Send the read command
 	done := make(chan []byte, 1)
@@ -103,11 +99,7 @@ func (comm *UARTComm) ReadRegister(register uint8, driverIndex uint8) (uint32, e
 	// Implementing timeout using a 100ms timer
 	select {
 	case readBuffer := <-done:
-		// Validate checksum
-		checksum := byte(0)
-		for i := 0; i < 7; i++ {
-			checksum ^= readBuffer[i]
-		}
+		checksum := CalculateCRC(readBuffer[:7])
 		if checksum != readBuffer[7] {
 			return 0, CustomError("checksum error")
 		}

uc8151/uc8151.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ package uc8151 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/uc8151"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus                      drivers.SPI
-	cs                       machine.Pin
-	dc                       machine.Pin
-	rst                      machine.Pin
-	busy                     machine.Pin
+	cs                       pin.OutputFunc
+	dc                       pin.OutputFunc
+	rst                      pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy                   drivers.PinInput
 	width                    int16
 	height                   int16
 	buffer                   []uint8
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Speed uint8
 
 // New returns a new uc8151 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+	pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
 	return Device{
-		bus:  bus,
-		cs:   csPin,
-		dc:   dcPin,
-		rst:  rstPin,
-		busy: busyPin,
+		bus:    bus,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -313,14 +313,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for !d.busy.Get() {
+	for !d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

version.go

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package drivers
 
 // Version returns a user-readable string showing the version of the drivers package for support purposes.
 // Update this value before release of new version of software.
-const Version = "0.30.0"
+const Version = "0.32.0"

waveshare-epd/epd1in54/epd1in54.go

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -22,14 +25,14 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 type Device struct {
-	bus  *machine.SPI
-	cs   machine.Pin
-	dc   machine.Pin
-	rst  machine.Pin
-	busy machine.Pin
-
-	buffer   []uint8
-	rotation Rotation
+	bus           *machine.SPI
+	cs            pin.OutputFunc
+	dc            pin.OutputFunc
+	rst           pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy        drivers.PinInput
+	configurePins func()
+	buffer        []uint8
+	rotation      Rotation
 }
 
 type Rotation uint8
@@ -79,22 +82,28 @@ var partialRefresh = [159]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd1in54 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus *machine.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(bus *machine.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
 	return Device{
 		buffer: make([]uint8, (uint32(Width)*uint32(Height))/8),
 		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin,
-		dc:     dcPin,
-		rst:    rstPin,
-		busy:   busyPin,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		configurePins: func() {
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+			pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+			pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 func (d *Device) LDirInit(cfg Config) {
-	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.configurePins()
 
 	d.bus.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
 		Frequency: 2000000,
@@ -150,10 +159,10 @@ func (d *Device) LDirInit(cfg Config) {
 }
 
 func (d *Device) HDirInit(cfg Config) {
-	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	if d.configurePins == nil {
+		panic(pin.ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated)
+	}
+	d.configurePins()
 
 	d.bus.Configure(machine.SPIConfig{
 		Frequency: 2000000,
@@ -369,7 +378,7 @@ func (d *Device) Clear() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.busy.Get() {
+	for d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
@@ -377,7 +386,7 @@ func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in13/epd2in13.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package epd2in13 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in13"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           machine.Pin
-	dc           machine.Pin
-	rst          machine.Pin
-	busy         machine.Pin
+	cs           pin.OutputFunc
+	dc           pin.OutputFunc
+	rst          pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy       drivers.PinInput
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ var lutPartialUpdate = [30]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd2in13x driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+	pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
 	return Device{
-		bus:  bus,
-		cs:   csPin,
-		dc:   dcPin,
-		rst:  rstPin,
-		busy: busyPin,
+		bus:    bus,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -298,14 +298,14 @@ func (d *Device) setMemoryPointer(x int16, y int16) {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.busy.Get() {
+	for d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in13x/epd2in13x.go

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package epd2in13x // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in13x"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           machine.Pin
-	dc           machine.Pin
-	rst          machine.Pin
-	busy         machine.Pin
+	cs           pin.OutputFunc
+	dc           pin.OutputFunc
+	rst          pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy       drivers.PinInput
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
 	buffer       [][]uint8
@@ -33,17 +33,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Color uint8
 
 // New returns a new epd2in13x driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+	pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
 	return Device{
-		bus:  bus,
-		cs:   csPin,
-		dc:   dcPin,
-		rst:  rstPin,
-		busy: busyPin,
+		bus:    bus,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -277,14 +277,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for !d.busy.Get() {
+	for !d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd2in66b/dev.go

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ package epd2in66b
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -18,19 +18,12 @@ const (
 
 const Baudrate = 4_000_000 // 4 MHz
 
-type Config struct {
-	ResetPin      machine.Pin
-	DataPin       machine.Pin
-	ChipSelectPin machine.Pin
-	BusyPin       machine.Pin
-}
-
 type Device struct {
-	bus  drivers.SPI
-	cs   machine.Pin
-	dc   machine.Pin
-	rst  machine.Pin
-	busy machine.Pin
+	bus    drivers.SPI
+	cs     pin.OutputFunc
+	dc     pin.OutputFunc
+	rst    pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy drivers.PinInput
 
 	blackBuffer []byte
 	redBuffer   []byte
@@ -50,21 +43,6 @@ func New(bus drivers.SPI) Device {
 	}
 }
 
-// Configure configures the device and its pins.
-func (d *Device) Configure(c Config) error {
-	d.cs = c.ChipSelectPin
-	d.dc = c.DataPin
-	d.rst = c.ResetPin
-	d.busy = c.BusyPin
-
-	d.cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (d *Device) Size() (x, y int16) {
 	return displayWidth, displayHeight
 }
@@ -229,7 +207,7 @@ func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
 	// give it some time to get busy
 	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
 
-	for d.busy.Get() { // high = busy
+	for d.isBusy() { // high = busy
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 

waveshare-epd/epd2in66b/dev_baremetal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build baremetal
+
+package epd2in66b
+
+import "machine"
+
+type Config struct {
+	ResetPin      machine.Pin
+	DataPin       machine.Pin
+	ChipSelectPin machine.Pin
+	BusyPin       machine.Pin
+}
+
+// Configure configures the device and its pins.
+func (d *Device) Configure(c Config) error {
+	cs := c.ChipSelectPin
+	dc := c.DataPin
+	rst := c.ResetPin
+	busy := c.BusyPin
+
+	cs.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dc.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rst.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busy.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	d.cs = cs.Set
+	d.dc = dc.Set
+	d.rst = rst.Set
+	d.isBusy = busy.Get
+	return nil
+}

waveshare-epd/epd2in9/epd2in9.go

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ package epd2in9 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/waveshare-epd/epd2in9"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           machine.Pin
-	dc           machine.Pin
-	rst          machine.Pin
-	busy         machine.Pin
+	cs           pin.OutputFunc
+	dc           pin.OutputFunc
+	rst          pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy       drivers.PinInput
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -61,17 +61,17 @@ var lutPartialUpdate = [30]uint8{
 }
 
 // New returns a new epd2in9 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+	pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
 	return Device{
-		bus:  bus,
-		cs:   csPin,
-		dc:   dcPin,
-		rst:  rstPin,
-		busy: busyPin,
+		bus:    bus,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (d *Device) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	d.SendCommand(DATA_ENTRY_MODE_SETTING)
 	d.SendData(0x03) // X increment; Y increment
 
-	d.SetLUT(true)
+	d.SetLUT.High()
 }
 
 // Reset resets the device
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ func (d *Device) setMemoryPointer(x int16, y int16) {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.busy.Get() {
+	for d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

waveshare-epd/epd4in2/epd4in2.go

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ package epd4in2
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	cs           machine.Pin
-	dc           machine.Pin
-	rst          machine.Pin
-	busy         machine.Pin
+	cs           pin.OutputFunc
+	dc           pin.OutputFunc
+	rst          pin.OutputFunc
+	isBusy       drivers.PinInput
 	logicalWidth int16
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Rotation uint8
 
 // New returns a new epd4in2 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(csPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(dcPin)
+	pin.ConfigureOutput(rstPin)
+	pin.ConfigureInput(busyPin)
 	return Device{
-		bus:  bus,
-		cs:   csPin,
-		dc:   dcPin,
-		rst:  rstPin,
-		busy: busyPin,
+		bus:    bus,
+		cs:     csPin.Set,
+		dc:     dcPin.Set,
+		rst:    rstPin.Set,
+		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for d.busy.Get() {
+	for d.isBusy() {
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.busy.Get()
+	return d.isBusy()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)

ws2812/ws2812-asm_cortexm.go

@@ -931,6 +931,356 @@ void ws2812_writeByte125(char c, uint32_t *portSet, uint32_t *portClear, uint32_
 	  [portClear]"m"(*portClear));
 }
 
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+void ws2812_writeByte150(char c, uint32_t *portSet, uint32_t *portClear, uint32_t maskSet, uint32_t maskClear) {
+	// Timings:
+	// T0H: 53 - 55 cycles or 353.3ns - 366.7ns
+	// T1H: 158 - 160 cycles or 1053.3ns - 1066.7ns
+	// TLD: 173 -    cycles or 1153.3ns -
+	uint32_t value = (uint32_t)c << 24;
+	char i = 8;
+	__asm__ __volatile__(
+		"1: @ send_bit\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskSet], %[portSet]     @ [2]   T0H and T0L start here\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  lsls  %[value], #1               @ [1]\n"
+		"\t  bcs.n 2f                         @ [1/3] skip_store\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskClear], %[portClear] @ [2]   T0H -> T0L transition\n"
+		"\t2: @ skip_store\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskClear], %[portClear] @ [2]   T1H -> T1L transition\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  subs  %[i], #1                   @ [1]\n"
+		"\t  beq.n 3f                         @ [1/3] end\n"
+		"\t  b     1b                         @ [1/3] send_bit\n"
+		"\t3: @ end\n"
+	: [value]"+r"(value),
+	  [i]"+r"(i)
+	: [maskSet]"r"(maskSet),
+	  [portSet]"m"(*portSet),
+	  [maskClear]"r"(maskClear),
+	  [portClear]"m"(*portClear));
+}
+
 __attribute__((always_inline))
 void ws2812_writeByte168(char c, uint32_t *portSet, uint32_t *portClear, uint32_t maskSet, uint32_t maskClear) {
 	// Timings:
@@ -1320,6 +1670,465 @@ void ws2812_writeByte168(char c, uint32_t *portSet, uint32_t *portClear, uint32_
 	  [maskClear]"r"(maskClear),
 	  [portClear]"m"(*portClear));
 }
+
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+void ws2812_writeByte200(char c, uint32_t *portSet, uint32_t *portClear, uint32_t maskSet, uint32_t maskClear) {
+	// Timings:
+	// T0H: 70 - 72 cycles or 350.0ns - 360.0ns
+	// T1H: 210 - 212 cycles or 1050.0ns - 1060.0ns
+	// TLD: 230 -    cycles or 1150.0ns -
+	uint32_t value = (uint32_t)c << 24;
+	char i = 8;
+	__asm__ __volatile__(
+		"1: @ send_bit\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskSet], %[portSet]     @ [2]   T0H and T0L start here\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  lsls  %[value], #1               @ [1]\n"
+		"\t  bcs.n 2f                         @ [1/3] skip_store\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskClear], %[portClear] @ [2]   T0H -> T0L transition\n"
+		"\t2: @ skip_store\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  str   %[maskClear], %[portClear] @ [2]   T1H -> T1L transition\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  nop\n"
+		"\t  subs  %[i], #1                   @ [1]\n"
+		"\t  beq.n 3f                         @ [1/3] end\n"
+		"\t  b     1b                         @ [1/3] send_bit\n"
+		"\t3: @ end\n"
+	: [value]"+r"(value),
+	  [i]"+r"(i)
+	: [maskSet]"r"(maskSet),
+	  [portSet]"m"(*portSet),
+	  [maskClear]"r"(maskClear),
+	  [portClear]"m"(*portClear));
+}
 */
 import "C"
 
@@ -1373,6 +2182,16 @@ func (d Device) writeByte125(c byte) {
 	interrupt.Restore(mask)
 }
 
+func (d Device) writeByte150(c byte) {
+	portSet, maskSet := d.Pin.PortMaskSet()
+	portClear, maskClear := d.Pin.PortMaskClear()
+
+	mask := interrupt.Disable()
+	C.ws2812_writeByte150(C.char(c), (*C.uint32_t)(unsafe.Pointer(portSet)), (*C.uint32_t)(unsafe.Pointer(portClear)), C.uint32_t(maskSet), C.uint32_t(maskClear))
+
+	interrupt.Restore(mask)
+}
+
 func (d Device) writeByte168(c byte) {
 	portSet, maskSet := d.Pin.PortMaskSet()
 	portClear, maskClear := d.Pin.PortMaskClear()
@@ -1382,3 +2201,13 @@ func (d Device) writeByte168(c byte) {
 
 	interrupt.Restore(mask)
 }
+
+func (d Device) writeByte200(c byte) {
+	portSet, maskSet := d.Pin.PortMaskSet()
+	portClear, maskClear := d.Pin.PortMaskClear()
+
+	mask := interrupt.Disable()
+	C.ws2812_writeByte200(C.char(c), (*C.uint32_t)(unsafe.Pointer(portSet)), (*C.uint32_t)(unsafe.Pointer(portClear)), C.uint32_t(maskSet), C.uint32_t(maskClear))
+
+	interrupt.Restore(mask)
+}

ws2812/ws2812.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Package ws2812 implements a driver for WS2812 and SK6812 RGB LED strips.
 package ws2812 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/ws2812"
 
-//go:generate go run gen-ws2812.go -arch=cortexm 16 48 64 120 125 168
+//go:generate go run gen-ws2812.go -arch=cortexm 16 48 64 120 125 150 168 200
 //go:generate go run gen-ws2812.go -arch=tinygoriscv 160 320
 
 import (

ws2812/ws2812_cortexm.go

@@ -28,12 +28,18 @@ func (d Device) WriteByte(c byte) error {
 	case 120_000_000: // 120MHz
 		d.writeByte120(c)
 		return nil
-	case 125_000_000: // 125 MHz e.g. rp2040
+	case 125_000_000: // 125 MHz e.g. rp2040 originally
 		d.writeByte125(c)
 		return nil
+	case 150_000_000: // 150MHz, e.g. rp2350
+		d.writeByte150(c)
+		return nil
 	case 168_000_000: // 168MHz, e.g. stm32f405
 		d.writeByte168(c)
 		return nil
+	case 200_000_000: // 200MHz, e.g. rp2040 starting with TinyGo v0.37
+		d.writeByte200(c)
+		return nil
 	default:
 		return errUnknownClockSpeed
 	}