Replace Safe functions with legacy.PinOutput

bmi160/bmi160.go

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 package bmi160
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 // DeviceSPI is the SPI interface to a BMI160 accelerometer/gyroscope. There is
 // also an I2C interface, but it is not yet supported.
 type DeviceSPI struct {
 	// Chip select pin
-	CSB machine.Pin
+	CSB drivers.PinOutput
 
 	buf [7]byte
 
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ type DeviceSPI struct {
 // NewSPI returns a new device driver. The pin and SPI interface are not
 // touched, provide a fully configured SPI object and call Configure to start
 // using this device.
-func NewSPI(csb machine.Pin, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
+func NewSPI(csb drivers.PinOutput, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 	return &DeviceSPI{
-		CSB: csb, // chip select
+		CSB: legacy.PinOutput(csb), // chip select
 		Bus: spi,
 	}
 }
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ func NewSPI(csb machine.Pin, spi drivers.SPI) *DeviceSPI {
 // configures the BMI160, but it does not configure the SPI interface (it is
 // assumed to be up and running).
 func (d *DeviceSPI) Configure() error {
-	d.CSB.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 
 	// The datasheet recommends doing a register read from address 0x7F to get
 	// SPI communication going:
@@ -86,9 +85,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadTemperature() (temperature int32, err error) {
 	data[0] = 0x80 | reg_TEMPERATURE_0
 	data[1] = 0
 	data[2] = 0
-	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.CSB.Set(false)
 	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -123,9 +122,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadAcceleration() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.CSB.Set(false)
 	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -153,9 +152,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) ReadRotation() (x int32, y int32, z int32, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i < len(data); i++ {
 		data[i] = 0
 	}
-	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.CSB.Set(false)
 	err = d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -201,9 +200,9 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) readRegister(address uint8) uint8 {
 	data := d.buf[:2]
 	data[0] = 0x80 | address
 	data[1] = 0
-	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.CSB.Set(false)
 	d.Bus.Tx(data, data)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 	return data[1]
 }
 
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ func (d *DeviceSPI) writeRegister(address, data uint8) {
 	buf[0] = address
 	buf[1] = data
 
-	d.CSB.Low()
+	d.CSB.Set(false)
 	d.Bus.Tx(buf, buf)
-	d.CSB.High()
+	d.CSB.Set(true)
 }

buzzer/buzzer.go

@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
 package buzzer // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/buzzer"
 
 import (
-	"machine"
-
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 // Device wraps a GPIO connection to a buzzer.
 type Device struct {
-	pin  machine.Pin
+	set  drivers.PinSet
 	High bool
 	BPM  float64
 }
 
 // New returns a new buzzer driver given which pin to use
-func New(pin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(pin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
 	return Device{
-		pin:  pin,
+		set:  pin.Set,
 		High: false,
 		BPM:  96.0,
 	}
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ func New(pin machine.Pin) Device {
 
 // On sets the buzzer to a high state.
 func (l *Device) On() (err error) {
-	l.pin.Set(true)
+	l.set(true)
 	l.High = true
 	return
 }
 
 // Off sets the buzzer to a low state.
 func (l *Device) Off() (err error) {
-	l.pin.Set(false)
+	l.set(false)
 	l.High = false
 	return
 }

dht/thermometer.go

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 package dht // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/dht"
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"runtime/interrupt"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 // DummyDevice provides a basic interface for DHT devices.
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ type DummyDevice interface {
 // Since taking measurements from the sensor is time consuming procedure and blocks interrupts,
 // user can avoid any hidden calls to the sensor.
 type device struct {
-	pin machine.Pin
+	pin drivers.Pin
 
 	measurements DeviceType
 	initialized  bool
@@ -93,14 +94,12 @@ func (t *device) HumidityFloat() (float32, error) {
 // Perform initialization of the communication protocol.
 // Device lowers the voltage on pin for startingLow=20ms and starts listening for response
 // Section 5.2 in [1]
-func initiateCommunication(p machine.Pin) {
+func initiateCommunication(p drivers.Pin) {
 	// Send low signal to the device
-	p.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	p.Low()
+	p.Set(false)
 	time.Sleep(startingLow)
 	// Set pin to high and wait for reply
-	p.High()
-	p.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	p.Set(true)
 }
 
 // Measurements returns both measurements: temperature and humidity as they sent by the device.
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ func (t *device) read() error {
 
 // receiveSignals counts number of low and high cycles. The execution is time critical, so the function disables
 // interrupts
-func receiveSignals(pin machine.Pin, result []counter) {
+func receiveSignals(pin drivers.PinInput, result []counter) {
 	i := uint8(0)
 	mask := interrupt.Disable()
 	defer interrupt.Restore(mask)
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ func (t *device) extractData(signals []counter, buf []uint8) error {
 // waitForDataTransmission waits for reply from the sensor.
 // If no reply received, returns NoSignalError.
 // For more details, see section 5.2 in [1]
-func waitForDataTransmission(p machine.Pin) error {
+func waitForDataTransmission(p drivers.PinInput) error {
 	// wait for thermometer to pull down
 	if expectChange(p, true) == timeout {
 		return NoSignalError
@@ -209,8 +208,8 @@ func waitForDataTransmission(p machine.Pin) error {
 // This device provides full control to the user.
 // It does not do any hidden measurements calls and does not check
 // for 2 seconds delay between measurements.
-func NewDummyDevice(pin machine.Pin, deviceType DeviceType) DummyDevice {
-	pin.High()
+func NewDummyDevice(pin drivers.Pin, deviceType DeviceType) DummyDevice {
+	pin.Set(true)
 	return &device{
 		pin:          pin,
 		measurements: deviceType,

dht/timesafethermometer.go

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 package dht // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/dht"
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 // Device interface provides main functionality of the DHTXX sensors.
@@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ func (m *managedDevice) Configure(policy UpdatePolicy) {
 
 // Constructor of the Device implementation.
 // This implementation updates data every 2 seconds during data access.
-func New(pin machine.Pin, deviceType DeviceType) Device {
-	pin.High()
+func New(pin drivers.Pin, deviceType DeviceType) Device {
+	pin.Set(true)
 	return &managedDevice{
 		t: device{
 			pin:          pin,
@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ func New(pin machine.Pin, deviceType DeviceType) Device {
 }
 
 // Constructor of the Device implementation with given UpdatePolicy
-func NewWithPolicy(pin machine.Pin, deviceType DeviceType, updatePolicy UpdatePolicy) Device {
-	pin.High()
+func NewWithPolicy(pin drivers.Pin, deviceType DeviceType, updatePolicy UpdatePolicy) Device {
+	pin.Set(true)
 	result := &managedDevice{
 		t: device{
 			pin:          pin,

dht/util.go

@@ -3,21 +3,22 @@
 package dht // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/dht"
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 // Check if the pin is disabled
-func powerUp(p machine.Pin) bool {
+func powerUp(p drivers.Pin) bool {
 	state := p.Get()
 	if !state {
-		p.High()
+		p.Set(true)
 		time.Sleep(startTimeout)
 	}
 	return state
 }
 
-func expectChange(p machine.Pin, oldState bool) counter {
+func expectChange(p drivers.PinInput, oldState bool) counter {
 	cnt := counter(0)
 	for ; p.Get() == oldState && cnt != timeout; cnt++ {
 	}

encoders/quadrature_interrupt.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build tinygo && (rp2040 || rp2350 || stm32 || k210 || esp32c3 || nrf || sam || (avr && (atmega328p || atmega328pb)))
+//go:build tinygo && (rp2040 || stm32 || k210 || esp32c3 || nrf || sam || (avr && (atmega328p || atmega328pb)))
 
 // Implementation based on:
 // https://gist.github.com/aykevl/3fc1683ed77bb0a9c07559dfe857304a

examples/dht/main.go

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
+//go:build baremetal && tinygo
+
 package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"machine"
 	"time"
+
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/dht"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/tinygo"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	pin := machine.D6
+	pin := tinygo.New(machine.D6)
 	dhtSensor := dht.New(pin, dht.DHT11)
 	for {
 		temp, hum, err := dhtSensor.Measurements()

examples/hcsr04/main.go

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/hcsr04"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/tinygo"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	sensor := hcsr04.New(machine.D10, machine.D9)
+	trigger := tinygo.New(machine.D10) // automatically configures pin as output
+	echo := tinygo.New(machine.D9)     // automatically configures pin as input
+	sensor := hcsr04.New(trigger, echo)
 	sensor.Configure()
 
 	println("Ultrasonic starts")

examples/honeyhsc/example.go

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"machine"
-	"time"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/honeyhsc"
-)
-
-// Data taken from https://github.com/rodan/honeywell_hsc_ssc_i2c/blob/master/hsc_ssc_i2c.cpp
-// these defaults are valid for the HSCMRNN030PA2A3 chip
-const (
-	i2cAddress = 0x28
-	// 10%
-	outputMinimum = 0x666
-	// 90% of 2^14 - 1
-	outputMax = 0x399A
-	// min is 0 for sensors that give absolute values
-	pressureMin = 0
-	// 30psi (and we want results in millipascals)
-	// pressureMax = 206842.7
-	pressureMax = 206843 * 1000
-)
-
-func main() {
-	bus := machine.I2C0
-	err := bus.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{
-		Frequency: 400_000, // 100kHz minimum and 400kHz I2C maximum clock. 50 to 800 for SPI.
-		SDA:       machine.I2C0_SDA_PIN,
-		SCL:       machine.I2C0_SCL_PIN,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err.Error())
-	}
-	sensor := honeyhsc.NewDevI2C(bus, i2cAddress, outputMinimum, outputMax, pressureMin, pressureMax)
-	for {
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-		const measuremask = drivers.Pressure | drivers.Temperature
-		err := sensor.Update(measuremask)
-		if err != nil {
-			println("error updating measurements:", err.Error())
-			continue
-		}
-		P := sensor.Pressure()
-		T := sensor.Temperature()
-		println("pressure:", P, "temperature:", T)
-	}
-}

examples/lis3dh/main.go

@@ -14,18 +14,9 @@ func main() {
 	i2c.Configure(machine.I2CConfig{SCL: machine.SCL1_PIN, SDA: machine.SDA1_PIN})
 
 	accel := lis3dh.New(i2c)
-	err := accel.Configure(lis3dh.Config{
-		Address: lis3dh.Address1, // address on the Circuit Playground Express
-	})
-	for err != nil {
-		println("could not configure LIS3DH:", err)
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-	err = accel.SetRange(lis3dh.RANGE_2_G)
-	for err != nil {
-		println("could not set acceleration range:", err)
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
+	accel.Address = lis3dh.Address1 // address on the Circuit Playground Express
+	accel.Configure()
+	accel.SetRange(lis3dh.RANGE_2_G)
 
 	println(accel.Connected())
 

examples/rpio/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package main
+
+// Example program for the ST7735 display (Waveshare 1.44" LCD HAT) using the rpio driver on a Raspberry Pi.
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image/color"
+	"time"
+
+	go_rpio "github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/rpio"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7735"
+)
+
+var (
+	black  = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255}
+	colors = [...]color.RGBA{
+		{255, 0, 0, 255},   // red
+		{0, 255, 0, 255},   // green
+		{0, 0, 255, 255},   // blue
+		{255, 255, 0, 255}, // yellow
+	}
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if err := go_rpio.Open(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("Error opening GPIO:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer go_rpio.Close()
+
+	// Initialize SPI and pins
+	spi := rpio.NewSPI()
+	resetPin := rpio.NewPin(27)
+	dcPin := rpio.NewPin(25)
+	csPin := rpio.NewPin(8)
+	blPin := rpio.NewPin(24)
+
+	// Initialize display
+	device := st7735.New(spi, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
+	device.Configure(st7735.Config{
+		Width:        128,
+		Height:       128,
+		Model:        st7735.GREENTAB,
+		RowOffset:    3,
+		ColumnOffset: 2,
+	})
+	device.InvertColors(false)
+	device.EnableBacklight(true)
+	device.IsBGR(true) // no effect w/o rotation!
+	device.SetRotation(st7735.NO_ROTATION)
+
+	width, height := device.Size()
+
+	// Clear display
+	device.FillScreen(black)
+
+	// Draw rectangles in a loop, clockwise rotation of colors
+	pos := 0
+	for {
+		device.FillRectangle(0, 0, width/2, height/2, colors[(pos+0)%len(colors)])              // top left
+		device.FillRectangle(0, height/2, width/2, height/2, colors[(pos+1)%len(colors)])       // bottom left
+		device.FillRectangle(width/2, height/2, width/2, height/2, colors[(pos+2)%len(colors)]) // bottom right
+		device.FillRectangle(width/2, 0, width/2, height/2, colors[(pos+3)%len(colors)])        // top right
+		pos++
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510
 	github.com/orsinium-labs/tinymath v1.1.0
 	github.com/soypat/natiu-mqtt v0.5.1
+	github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4 v4.6.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241204233417-43b7b7cde48d
 	golang.org/x/net v0.33.0
 	tinygo.org/x/tinyfont v0.3.0

go.sum

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ github.com/orsinium-labs/tinymath v1.1.0 h1:KomdsyLHB7vE3f1nRAJF2dyf1m/gnM2HxfTe
 github.com/orsinium-labs/tinymath v1.1.0/go.mod h1:WPXX6ei3KSXG7JfA03a+ekCYaY9SWN4I+JRl2p6ck+A=
 github.com/soypat/natiu-mqtt v0.5.1 h1:rwaDmlvjzD2+3MCOjMZc4QEkDkNwDzbct2TJbpz+TPc=
 github.com/soypat/natiu-mqtt v0.5.1/go.mod h1:xEta+cwop9izVCW7xOx2W+ct9PRMqr0gNVkvBPnQTc4=
+github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4 v4.6.0 h1:eAJgtw3jTtvn/CqwbC82ntcS+dtzUTgo5qlZKe677EY=
+github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4 v4.6.0/go.mod h1:A3GvHxC1Om5zaId+HqB3HKqx4K/AqeckxB7qRjxMK7o=
 github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.3/go.mod h1:CLCAqky6SMuOcxStkYQvblddUtoRxhYMGLrsQns1aXY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241204233417-43b7b7cde48d h1:0olWaB5pg3+oychR51GUVCEsGkeCU/2JxjBgIo4f3M0=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241204233417-43b7b7cde48d/go.mod h1:qj5a5QZpwLU2NLQudwIN5koi3beDhSAlJwa67PuM98c=

hcsr04/hcsr04.go

@@ -5,20 +5,22 @@
 package hcsr04
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
 )
 
 const TIMEOUT = 23324 // max sensing distance (4m)
 
 // Device holds the pins
 type Device struct {
-	trigger machine.Pin
-	echo    machine.Pin
+	trigger drivers.PinOutput
+	echo    drivers.PinInput
 }
 
-// New returns a new ultrasonic driver given 2 pins
-func New(trigger, echo machine.Pin) Device {
+// New returns a new ultrasonic driver given 2 pins.
+// Pins must be configured as output (trigger) and input (echo).
+func New(trigger drivers.PinOutput, echo drivers.PinInput) Device {
 	return Device{
 		trigger: trigger,
 		echo:    echo,
@@ -27,8 +29,7 @@ func New(trigger, echo machine.Pin) Device {
 
 // Configure configures the pins of the Device
 func (d *Device) Configure() {
-	d.trigger.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	d.echo.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
+	// no-op, left for API compatibility
 }
 
 // ReadDistance returns the distance of the object in mm
@@ -45,11 +46,11 @@ func (d *Device) ReadDistance() int32 {
 // ReadPulse returns the time of the pulse (roundtrip) in microseconds
 func (d *Device) ReadPulse() int32 {
 	t := time.Now()
-	d.trigger.Low()
+	d.trigger.Set(false)
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Microsecond)
-	d.trigger.High()
+	d.trigger.Set(true)
 	time.Sleep(10 * time.Microsecond)
-	d.trigger.Low()
+	d.trigger.Set(false)
 	i := uint8(0)
 	for {
 		if d.echo.Get() {

honeyhsc/hsc.go

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-package honeyhsc
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"math"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-var (
-	errSensorMissing = errors.New("hsc: not connected")
-	errDiagnostic    = errors.New("hsc: diagnostic error")
-)
-
-const (
-	measuremask  = drivers.Pressure | drivers.Temperature
-	statusMask   = 0b1100_0000
-	statusOffset = 6
-)
-
-// DevI2C is the TruStability® High Accuracy Silicon Ceramic (HSC) Series is a piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor offering a ratiometric
-// analog or digital output for reading pressure over the specified full scale pressure span and temperature range.
-type DevI2C struct {
-	bus drivers.I2C
-	dev
-	addr uint8
-	buf  [6]byte
-}
-
-// NewDevI2C creates and returns a new DevI2C that communicates with an HSC device over the provided I2C bus.
-// Parameters:
-//   - bus: the I2C bus to use.
-//   - addr: the 7-bit I2C address of the sensor.
-//   - outMin, outMax: raw output code range (counts) corresponding to the pressure span. Depends on sensor model.
-//   - pMin, pMax: pressure range endpoints in millipascals (mPa). Depends on sensor model.
-//
-// The returned DevI2C will use these calibration parameters to convert raw bridge counts to pressure.
-func NewDevI2C(bus drivers.I2C, addr, outMin, outMax uint16, pMin, pMax int32) *DevI2C {
-	h := &DevI2C{
-		bus:  bus,
-		addr: uint8(addr),
-		dev: dev{
-			cmin: outMin,
-			cmax: outMax,
-			pmin: pMin,
-			pmax: pMax,
-		},
-	}
-	return h
-}
-
-// ReadTemperature reads and returns the temperature in milliKelvin (mC) from the I2C-attached HSC device.
-// It performs an Update internally to get the latest temperature value.
-func (h *DevI2C) ReadTemperature() (int32, error) {
-	err := h.Update(drivers.Temperature)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return h.Temperature(), nil
-}
-
-// Update reads both temperature and pressure data from the I2C-attached HSC device when
-// the requested measurement mask includes pressure or temperature.
-// If neither pressure nor temperature is requested, Update is a no-op.
-func (d *DevI2C) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
-	// Update performs an I2C transaction to read 4 bytes, parses the status bits, 14-bit bridge data and
-	// temperature bits, and forwards them to the internal update routine. Any I2C transport error is returned,
-	// as well as errors produced by the internal update (e.g. errSensorMissing, errDiagnostic).
-	if which&measuremask == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	rbuf := d.buf[:4]
-	wbuf := d.buf[4:6]
-	const reg = 0
-	value := (d.addr << 1) | 1
-	wbuf[0] = reg
-	wbuf[1] = value
-	err := d.bus.Tx(uint16(d.addr), wbuf, rbuf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	status := (rbuf[0] & statusMask) >> statusOffset
-	bridgeData := (uint16(rbuf[0]&^statusMask) << 8) | uint16(rbuf[1])
-	tempData := uint16(rbuf[2])<<8 | uint16(rbuf[3]&0xe0)>>5
-	return d.dev.update(status, bridgeData, tempData)
-}
-
-type pinout func(level bool)
-
-// DevI2C is the TruStability® High Accuracy Silicon Ceramic (HSC) Series is a piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor offering a ratiometric
-// analog or digital output for reading pressure over the specified full scale pressure span and temperature range.
-type DevSPI struct {
-	spi drivers.SPI
-	cs  pinout
-	dev
-	buf [4]byte
-}
-
-// NewDevSPI creates and returns a new DevSPI that communicates with an HSC device over SPI.
-// Parameters:
-//   - conn: the SPI connection to use.
-//   - cs: a chip-select function that drives the device select line low/high.
-//   - outMin, outMax: raw output code range (counts) corresponding to the pressure span. Depends on sensor model.
-//   - pMin, pMax: pressure range endpoints in millipascals (mPa). Depends on sensor model.
-//
-// The function returns the constructed DevSPI and an error value (currently always nil).
-func NewDevSPI(conn drivers.SPI, cs pinout, outMin, outMax uint16, pMin, pMax int32) (*DevSPI, error) {
-	h := &DevSPI{
-		spi: conn,
-		cs:  cs,
-		dev: dev{
-			cmin: outMin,
-			cmax: outMax,
-			pmin: pMin,
-			pmax: pMax,
-		},
-	}
-	return h, nil
-}
-
-// ReadTemperature reads and returns the temperature in milliKelvin (mC) from the SPI-attached HSC device.
-// It performs an Update internally to get the latest temperature value.
-func (h *DevSPI) ReadTemperature() (int32, error) {
-	err := h.Update(drivers.Temperature)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return h.Temperature(), nil
-}
-
-// Update reads pressure and temperature data from the SPI-attached HSC device when the requested measurement mask includes
-// pressure or temperature. If neither pressure nor temperature is requested, Update is a no-op.
-func (h *DevSPI) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
-	// It toggles the provided chip-select, performs an SPI transfer to read 4 bytes, parses the status bits,
-	// 14-bit bridge data and temperature bits, and forwards them to the internal update routine. Any SPI
-	// transport error is returned, as well as errors produced by the internal update (e.g. errSensorMissing, errDiagnostic).
-	if which&measuremask == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	buf := &h.buf
-	h.cs(false)
-	err := h.spi.Tx(nil, buf[:4])
-	h.cs(true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	// First two bits are status bits.
-	status := (buf[0] & statusMask) >> statusOffset
-	bridgeData := (uint16(buf[0]&^statusMask) << 8) | uint16(buf[1])
-
-	tempData := uint16(buf[2])<<8 | uint16(buf[3]&0xe0)>>5
-	return h.dev.update(status, bridgeData, tempData)
-}
-
-type dev struct {
-	pressure   int32
-	temp       int32
-	cmin, cmax uint16
-	pmin, pmax int32
-}
-
-// Pressure returns the most recently computed pressure value in millipascals (mPa).
-// The value is taken from the last successful Update.
-func (d *dev) Pressure() int32 {
-	return d.pressure
-}
-
-// Temperature returns the most recently read temperature value in milliKelvin (mC).
-// The value is taken from the last successful Update.
-func (d *dev) Temperature() int32 {
-	return d.temp + 273_150
-}
-
-// update interprets raw sensor fields (status, bridgeData, tempData) and updates the dev's stored
-// pressure and temperature. It returns errSensorMissing when the temperature raw value indicates no sensor
-// (tempData == math.MaxUint16), errDiagnostic when the status indicates a device diagnostic condition
-// (status == 3), or nil on success. Pressure is computed with integer arithmetic using the configured
-// cmin/cmax -> pmin/pmax linear mapping in order to avoid overflows.
-func (d *dev) update(status uint8, bridgeData, tempData uint16) error {
-	if tempData == math.MaxUint16 {
-		return errSensorMissing
-	} else if status == 3 {
-		return errDiagnostic
-	}
-
-	// Take care not to overflow here.
-	p := (int32(bridgeData)-int32(d.cmin))*(d.pmax-d.pmin)/int32(d.cmax-d.cmin) + d.pmin
-	d.temp = int32(tempData)
-	d.pressure = p
-	return nil
-}

internal/legacy/pinconfig.go

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-package legacy
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
-)
-
-// The pingconfig group of files serve to abstract away
-// pin configuration calls on the machine.Pin type.
-// It was observed this way of developing drivers was
-// non-portable and unusable on "big" Go projects so
-// future projects should NOT configure pins in driver code.
-// Users must configure pins before passing them as arguments
-// to drivers.
-
-// ConfigurePinOut is a legacy function used to configure pins as outputs.
-//
-// Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
-// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
-// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinOut(po pin.Output) {
-	configurePinOut(po)
-}
-
-// ConfigurePinInput is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
-//
-// Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
-// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
-// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInputPulldown(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePinInputPulldown(pi)
-}
-
-// ConfigurePinInput is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
-//
-// Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
-// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
-// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInput(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePinInput(pi)
-}
-
-// ConfigurePinInput is a legacy function used to configure pins as inputs.
-//
-// Deprecated: Do not configure pins in drivers.
-// This is a legacy feature and should only be used by drivers that
-// previously configured pins in initialization to avoid breaking users.
-func ConfigurePinInputPullup(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePinInputPullup(pi)
-}
-
-// PinIsNoPin returns true if the argument is a machine.Pin type and is the machine.NoPin predeclared type.
-//
-// Deprecated: Drivers do not require pin knowledge from now on.
-func PinIsNoPin(pin any) bool {
-	return pinIsNoPin(pin)
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrConfigBeforeInstantiated = errors.New("device must be instantiated with New before calling Configure method")
-)

internal/legacy/pinconfig_go.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !tinygo
-
-package legacy
-
-import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
-
-// This file compiles for non-tinygo builds
-// for use with "big" or "upstream" Go where
-// there is no machine package.
-
-func configurePinOut(p pin.Output)          {}
-func configurePinInput(p pin.Input)         {}
-func configurePinInputPulldown(p pin.Input) {}
-func configurePinInputPullup(p pin.Input)   {}
-func pinIsNoPin(a any) bool                 { return false }

internal/legacy/pinconfig_nopulls.go

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-//go:build baremetal && fe310
-
-package legacy
-
-import "machine"
-
-const (
-	pulldown = machine.PinInput
-	pullup   = machine.PinInput
-)

internal/legacy/pinconfig_pulls.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-//go:build baremetal && !fe310
-
-package legacy
-
-import "machine"
-
-// If you are getting a build error here you then we missed adding
-// your CPU build tag to the list of CPUs that do not have pulldown/pullups.
-// Add it above and in pinhal_nopulls! You should also add a smoketest for it :)
-const (
-	pulldown = machine.PinInputPulldown
-	pullup   = machine.PinInputPullup
-)

internal/legacy/pinconfig_tinygo.go

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-//go:build baremetal
-
-package legacy
-
-import (
-	"machine"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
-)
-
-func configurePinOut(po pin.Output) {
-	configurePin(po, machine.PinOutput)
-}
-
-func configurePinInputPulldown(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePin(pi, pulldown) // some chips do not have pull down, in which case pulldown==machine.PinInput.
-}
-
-func configurePinInput(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePin(pi, machine.PinInput)
-}
-
-func configurePinInputPullup(pi pin.Input) {
-	configurePin(pi, pullup) // some chips do not have pull up, in which case pullup==machine.PinInput.
-}
-
-func pinIsNoPin(a any) bool {
-	p, ok := a.(machine.Pin)
-	return ok && p == machine.NoPin
-}
-
-func configurePin(p any, mode machine.PinMode) {
-	machinePin, ok := p.(machine.Pin)
-	if ok {
-		machinePin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: mode})
-	}
-}

internal/legacy/pinlegacy_generic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !(baremetal && tinygo)
+
+package legacy
+
+import "tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+
+func PinOutput(pin drivers.PinOutput) drivers.PinOutput {
+	return pin
+}

internal/legacy/pinlegacy_tinygo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build baremetal && tinygo
+
+package legacy
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+)
+
+func PinOutput(pin drivers.PinOutput) drivers.PinOutput {
+	if p, ok := pin.(machine.Pin); ok {
+		p.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	}
+	return pin
+}

internal/pin/internalpin.go

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-// package pin implements a TinyGo Pin HAL.
-// It serves to eliminate machine.Pin from driver constructors
-// so that drivers can be used in "big" Go projects where
-// there is no machine package.
-// This file contains both function and interface-style Pin HAL definitions.
-package pin
-
-// OutputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which outputs a
-// digital signal (high or low level).
-//
-//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.OutputFunc
-//	led := machine.LED
-//	led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.Output})
-//	var pin pin.OutputFunc = led.Set // Going from a machine.Pin to a pin.OutputFunc
-//
-// This is an alternative to [Output] which is an interface type.
-type OutputFunc func(level bool)
-
-// High sets the underlying pin's level to high. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(true).
-func (setPin OutputFunc) High() {
-	setPin(true)
-}
-
-// Low sets the underlying pin's level to low. This is equivalent to calling PinOutput(false).
-func (setPin OutputFunc) Low() {
-	setPin(false)
-}
-
-// InputFunc is hardware abstraction for a pin which receives a
-// digital signal and reads it (high or low level).
-//
-//	// Code conversion demo: from machine.Pin to pin.InputFunc
-//	input := machine.LED
-//	input.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInputPulldown}) // or use machine.PinInputPullup or machine.Input
-//	var pin pin.InputFunc = input.Get // Going from a machine.Pin to a pin.InputFunc
-//
-// This is an alternative to [Input] which is an interface type.
-type InputFunc func() (level bool)
-
-// // Below is an example on how to define a input/output pin HAL for a
-// // pin that must switch between input and output mode:
-//
-// 	var pinIsOutput bool
-// 	var po PinOutputFunc = func(b bool) {
-// 		if !pinIsOutput {
-// 			pin.Configure(outputMode)
-// 			pinIsOutput = true
-// 		}
-// 		pin.Set(b)
-// 	}
-//
-// 	var pi PinInputFunc = func() bool {
-// 		if pinIsOutput {
-// 			pin.Configure(inputMode)
-// 			pinIsOutput = false
-// 		}
-// 		return pin.Get()
-// 	}
-
-// Output interface represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can output a digital signal.
-//
-// This is an alternative to [OutputFunc] abstraction which is a function type.
-type Output interface {
-	Set(level bool)
-}
-
-// Input interface represents a pin hardware abstraction layer for a pin that can read a digital signal.
-//
-// This is an alternative to [InputFunc] abstraction which is a function type.
-type Input interface {
-	Get() (level bool)
-}

internal/regmap/device8tx.go

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-// Package regmap provides transaction-based interfaces for reading and writing
-// to device registers over I2C and SPI buses with pre-allocated buffers.
-package regmap
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-var (
-	// errNotInTx indicates an operation was attempted outside of an active transaction.
-	errNotInTx = errors.New("device not in Tx")
-
-	// errInTx indicates a transaction was started while another is still active.
-	errInTx = errors.New("device already in Tx")
-
-	// errShortWriteBuffer indicates the write buffer is too small for the requested operation.
-	errShortWriteBuffer = errors.New("device write buffer too short")
-
-	// errShortReadBuffer indicates the read buffer is too small for the requested operation.
-	errShortReadBuffer = errors.New("device read buffer too short")
-)
-
-// Device8Txer wraps a Device8 to provide buffered transaction support for
-// I2C and SPI operations. It maintains pre-allocated buffers to avoid heap
-// allocations during register access operations.
-//
-// Users must call SetBuffers to configure the write and read buffers before
-// initiating transactions.
-type Device8Txer struct {
-	Device8
-	writeBuf []byte // Pre-allocated buffer for write operations
-	readBuf  []byte // Pre-allocated buffer for read operations
-	inTx     bool   // Tracks whether a transaction is currently active
-}
-
-// SetTxBuffers configures the write and read buffers for this device.
-// These buffers are reused across transactions to avoid heap allocations.
-//
-// The writebuf should be large enough to hold the register address plus
-// all data bytes to be written in a single transaction.
-func (d *Device8Txer) SetTxBuffers(writebuf, readbuf []byte) {
-	d.readBuf = readbuf
-	d.writeBuf = writebuf
-}
-
-// Tx8 represents an active transaction for an 8-bit register device.
-// It tracks the write buffer and current offset as data is added to the transaction.
-//
-// Use AddWriteByte or AddWriteData to add data to the transaction, then call
-// DoTxI2C or DoTxSPI to execute the transaction over the bus.
-type Tx8 struct {
-	dw  *Device8Txer // Reference to the parent device
-	off int          // Current offset in the write buffer
-}
-
-// Tx initiates a new transaction for writing to the specified register address.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   - writeAddr: The 8-bit register address to write to
-//
-// Returns a Tx8 handle that can be used to add data and execute the transaction.
-//
-// Returns an error if:
-//   - A transaction is already active (errInTx)
-//   - The write buffer is too short (errShortWriteBuffer)
-func (dw *Device8Txer) Tx(writeAddr uint8) (Tx8, error) {
-	if dw.inTx {
-		return Tx8{}, errInTx
-	} else if len(dw.writeBuf) < 1 {
-		return Tx8{}, errShortWriteBuffer
-	}
-	dw.writeBuf[0] = writeAddr
-	return Tx8{dw: dw, off: 1}, nil
-}
-
-// AddWriteData appends multiple bytes to the current transaction's write buffer.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   - buf: Variable number of bytes to add to the transaction
-//
-// Returns an error if:
-//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
-//   - The write buffer doesn't have enough space (errShortWriteBuffer)
-func (tx *Tx8) AddWriteData(buf ...byte) error {
-	if !tx.dw.inTx {
-		return errNotInTx
-	}
-	avail := tx.dw.writeBuf[tx.off:]
-	if len(avail) < len(buf) {
-		return errShortWriteBuffer
-	}
-	n := copy(avail, buf)
-	tx.off += n
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddWriteByte appends a single byte to the current transaction's write buffer.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   - b: The byte to add to the transaction
-//
-// Returns an error if:
-//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
-//   - The write buffer doesn't have enough space (errShortWriteBuffer)
-func (tx *Tx8) AddWriteByte(b byte) error {
-	if !tx.dw.inTx {
-		return errNotInTx
-	}
-	avail := tx.dw.writeBuf[tx.off:]
-	if len(avail) < 1 {
-		return errShortWriteBuffer
-	}
-	avail[0] = b
-	tx.off++
-	return nil
-}
-
-// DoTxI2C executes the transaction over an I2C bus.
-//
-// This performs a combined write-read I2C transaction, first sending the
-// register address and any data added to the transaction, then reading
-// the specified number of bytes from the device.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   - bus: The I2C bus to communicate over
-//   - deviceAddr: The I2C address of the target device
-//   - readLength: Number of bytes to read from the device
-//
-// Returns the read data as a slice of the internal read buffer, valid until
-// the next transaction. The transaction is automatically freed after execution.
-//
-// Returns an error if:
-//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
-//   - The read buffer is too short (errShortReadBuffer)
-//   - The I2C transaction fails
-func (tx *Tx8) DoTxI2C(bus drivers.I2C, deviceAddr uint16, readLength int) ([]byte, error) {
-	if tx.off == 0 || !tx.dw.inTx {
-		return nil, errNotInTx
-	}
-	defer tx.freeTx()
-	if len(tx.dw.readBuf) < readLength {
-		return nil, errShortReadBuffer
-	}
-	rbuf := tx.dw.readBuf[:readLength]
-	err := bus.Tx(deviceAddr, tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], rbuf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return rbuf, err
-}
-
-// DoTxSPI executes the transaction over an SPI bus.
-//
-// This performs a full-duplex SPI transaction, simultaneously writing the
-// register address and data while reading the same number of bytes from the device.
-//
-// If no read buffer was configured (readBuf is nil), this performs a write-only
-// transaction and returns nil without error.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   - bus: The SPI bus to communicate over
-//
-// Returns the read data as a slice of the internal read buffer (same length as
-// the write data), valid until the next transaction. The transaction is
-// automatically freed after execution.
-//
-// Returns an error if:
-//   - No transaction is active (errNotInTx)
-//   - The read buffer is too short (errShortReadBuffer)
-//   - The SPI transaction fails
-func (tx *Tx8) DoTxSPI(bus drivers.SPI) (readBuf []byte, err error) {
-	if tx.off == 0 || !tx.dw.inTx {
-		return nil, errNotInTx
-	}
-	defer tx.freeTx()
-	if tx.dw.readBuf == nil {
-		err = bus.Tx(tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], nil) // Special case, only use write buffer functionality.
-		return nil, err
-	} else if len(readBuf) < tx.off {
-		return nil, errShortReadBuffer
-	}
-	rbuf := tx.dw.readBuf[:tx.off]
-	err = bus.Tx(tx.dw.writeBuf[:tx.off], rbuf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return rbuf, err
-}
-
-// freeTx marks the transaction as complete, allowing a new transaction to be started.
-// This is called internally by DoTxI2C and DoTxSPI after the transaction completes.
-func (tx *Tx8) freeTx() {
-	tx.dw.inTx = false
-}

internal/regmap/devices.go

@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Device8 implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an I2C or SPI bus.
-// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
-// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
-//
-// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
 type Device8 struct {
 	buf [10]byte
 }
@@ -23,53 +19,41 @@ func (d *Device8) clear() {
 
 // I2C methods.
 
-// Read8I2C reads a single byte from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
 func (d *Device8) Read8I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:2])
 	return d.buf[1], err
 }
 
-// Read16I2C reads a 16-bit value from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
-// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read16I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint16, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:3])
 	return order.Uint16(d.buf[1:3]), err
 }
 
-// Read32I2C reads a 32-bit value from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
-// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint32, error) {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	err := bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:5])
 	return order.Uint32(d.buf[1:5]), err
 }
 
-// ReadDataI2C reads dataLength bytes from register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
-// The data is stored in dataDestination.
 func (d *Device8) ReadDataI2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, dataDestination []byte) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[:1], dataDestination)
 }
 
-// Write8I2C writes a single byte value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
 func (d *Device8) Write8I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr, value uint8) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	d.buf[1] = value
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[:2], nil)
 }
 
-// Write16I2C writes a 16-bit value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
-// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write16I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	order.PutUint16(d.buf[1:3], value)
 	return bus.Tx(i2cAddr, d.buf[0:3], nil)
 }
 
-// Write32I2C writes a 32-bit value to register addr of the device at i2cAddr using the provided I2C bus.
-// The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value uint32, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.buf[0] = addr
 	order.PutUint32(d.buf[1:5], value)
@@ -78,7 +62,6 @@ func (d *Device8) Write32I2C(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, addr uint8, value
 
 // SPI methods.
 
-// Read8SPI reads a single byte from register addr using the provided SPI bus.
 func (d *Device8) Read8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -86,7 +69,6 @@ func (d *Device8) Read8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8) (byte, error) {
 	return d.buf[1], err
 }
 
-// Read16SPI reads a 16-bit value from register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint16, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -94,7 +76,6 @@ func (d *Device8) Read16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder)
 	return order.Uint16(d.buf[4:6]), err
 }
 
-// Read32SPI reads a 32-bit value from register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Read32SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, order binary.ByteOrder) (uint32, error) {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -118,7 +99,6 @@ func (d *Device8) ReadDataSPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, dataLength int, auxil
 	return rbuf[1:], err
 }
 
-// Write8SPI writes a single byte value to register addr using the provided SPI bus.
 func (d *Device8) Write8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr, value uint8) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -126,7 +106,6 @@ func (d *Device8) Write8SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr, value uint8) error {
 	return bus.Tx(d.buf[:2], nil)
 }
 
-// Write16SPI writes a 16-bit value to register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr
@@ -134,7 +113,6 @@ func (d *Device8) Write16SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint16, order bi
 	return bus.Tx(d.buf[:3], nil)
 }
 
-// Write32SPI writes a 32-bit value to register addr using the provided SPI bus. The byte order is specified by order.
 func (d *Device8) Write32SPI(bus drivers.SPI, addr uint8, value uint32, order binary.ByteOrder) error {
 	d.clear()
 	d.buf[0] = addr

internal/regmap/i2c-spi.go

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-package regmap
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-// Device8SPI implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an SPI bus.
-// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
-// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
-//
-// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
-type Device8SPI struct {
-	bus   drivers.SPI
-	order binary.ByteOrder
-	d     Device8
-}
-
-// SetBus sets the SPI bus and byte order for the Device8SPI.
-//
-// As a hint, most SPI devices use big-endian (MSB) byte order.
-//   - Big endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x12 followed by 0x34.
-//   - Little endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x34 followed by 0x12.
-func (d *Device8SPI) SetBus(bus drivers.SPI, order binary.ByteOrder) {
-	d.bus = bus
-	d.order = order
-}
-
-// Read8 reads a single byte from register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Read8(addr uint8) (byte, error) {
-	return d.d.Read8SPI(d.bus, addr)
-}
-
-// Read16 reads a 16-bit value from register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Read16(addr uint8) (uint16, error) {
-	return d.d.Read16SPI(d.bus, addr, d.order)
-}
-
-// Read32 reads a 32-bit value from register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Read32(addr uint8) (uint32, error) {
-	return d.d.Read32SPI(d.bus, addr, d.order)
-}
-
-// ReadData reads dataLength bytes from register addr. Due to the internal functioning of
-// SPI, an auxiliary buffer must be provided to perform the operation and avoid memory allocation.
-// The returned slice is a subslice of auxBuffer containing the read data.
-func (d *Device8SPI) ReadData(addr uint8, datalength int, auxBuffer []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	return d.d.ReadDataSPI(d.bus, addr, datalength, auxBuffer)
-}
-
-// Write8 writes a single byte value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Write8(addr, value uint8) error {
-	return d.d.Write8SPI(d.bus, addr, value)
-}
-
-// Write16 writes a 16-bit value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Write16(addr uint8, value uint16) error {
-	return d.d.Write16SPI(d.bus, addr, value, d.order)
-}
-
-// Write32 writes a 32-bit value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8SPI) Write32(addr uint8, value uint32) error {
-	return d.d.Write32SPI(d.bus, addr, value, d.order)
-}
-
-// Device8I2C implements common logic to most 8-bit peripherals with an I2C bus.
-// All methods expect the target to support conventional register read and write operations
-// where the first byte sent is the register address being accessed.
-//
-// All methods use an internal buffer and perform no dynamic memory allocation.
-type Device8I2C struct {
-	bus     drivers.I2C
-	i2cAddr uint16
-	order   binary.ByteOrder
-	d       Device8
-}
-
-// SetBus sets the I2C bus, device address, and byte order for the Device8I2C.
-//
-// As a hint, most I2C devices use big-endian (MSB) byte order.
-//   - Big endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x12 followed by 0x34.
-//   - Little endian: A value of 0x1234 is transmitted as 0x34 followed by 0x12.
-func (d *Device8I2C) SetBus(bus drivers.I2C, i2cAddr uint16, order binary.ByteOrder) {
-	d.bus = bus
-	d.i2cAddr = i2cAddr
-	d.order = order
-}
-
-// Read8 reads a single byte from register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Read8(addr uint8) (byte, error) {
-	return d.d.Read8I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr)
-}
-
-// Read16 reads a 16-bit value from register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Read16(addr uint8) (uint16, error) {
-	return d.d.Read16I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, d.order)
-}
-
-// Read32 reads a 32-bit value from register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Read32(addr uint8) (uint32, error) {
-	return d.d.Read32I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, d.order)
-}
-
-// ReadData reads dataLength bytes from register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) ReadData(addr uint8, dataDestination []byte) error {
-	return d.d.ReadDataI2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, dataDestination)
-}
-
-// Write8 writes a single byte value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Write8(addr, value uint8) error {
-	return d.d.Write8I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value)
-}
-
-// Write16 writes a 16-bit value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Write16(addr uint8, value uint16) error {
-	return d.d.Write16I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value, d.order)
-}
-
-// Write32 writes a 32-bit value to register addr.
-func (d *Device8I2C) Write32(addr uint8, value uint32) error {
-	return d.d.Write32I2C(d.bus, d.i2cAddr, addr, value, d.order)
-}

internal/regmap/regmap_test.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package regmap
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-)
-
-func ExampleDevice8Txer() {
-	// Initialization.
-	var dtx Device8Txer
-	dtx.SetTxBuffers(make([]byte, 256), make([]byte, 256))
-
-	// Usage.
-	const (
-		defaultAddr = 65
-		REG_WRITE   = 0x1f
-		IOCTL_CALL  = 0xc0
-	)
-	tx, err := dtx.Tx(REG_WRITE)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	err = tx.AddWriteData(IOCTL_CALL, 0x80, 0x80)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	var bus drivers.I2C
-	readData, err := tx.DoTxI2C(bus, defaultAddr, 20)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	fmt.Println(readData)
-}

lis3dh/lis3dh.go

@@ -11,57 +11,37 @@ import (
 // Device wraps an I2C connection to a LIS3DH device.
 type Device struct {
 	bus     drivers.I2C
-	address uint16
-	r       Range
-	accel   [6]byte // stored acceleration data (from the Update call)
-}
-
-// Driver configuration, used for the Configure call. All fields are optional.
-type Config struct {
 	Address uint16
+	r       Range
 }
 
 // New creates a new LIS3DH connection. The I2C bus must already be configured.
 //
 // This function only creates the Device object, it does not touch the device.
 func New(bus drivers.I2C) Device {
-	return Device{bus: bus, address: Address0}
+	return Device{bus: bus, Address: Address0}
 }
 
 // Configure sets up the device for communication
-func (d *Device) Configure(config Config) error {
-	if config.Address != 0 {
-		d.address = config.Address
-	}
-
+func (d *Device) Configure() {
 	// enable all axes, normal mode
-	err := legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, []byte{0x07})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, []byte{0x07})
 
 	// 400Hz rate
-	err = d.SetDataRate(DATARATE_400_HZ)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	d.SetDataRate(DATARATE_400_HZ)
 
 	// High res & BDU enabled
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, []byte{0x88})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, []byte{0x88})
 
 	// get current range
-	d.r, err = d.ReadRange()
-	return err
+	d.r = d.ReadRange()
 }
 
 // Connected returns whether a LIS3DH has been found.
 // It does a "who am I" request and checks the response.
 func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 	data := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), WHO_AM_I, data)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), WHO_AM_I, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -69,51 +49,46 @@ func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 }
 
 // SetDataRate sets the speed of data collected by the LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) SetDataRate(rate DataRate) error {
+func (d *Device) SetDataRate(rate DataRate) {
 	ctl1 := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		println(err.Error())
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	ctl1[0] &^= 0xf0
 	ctl1[0] |= (byte(rate) << 4)
-	return legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL1, ctl1)
 }
 
 // SetRange sets the G range for LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) SetRange(r Range) error {
+func (d *Device) SetRange(r Range) {
 	ctl := []byte{0}
-	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		println(err.Error())
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	ctl[0] &^= 0x30
 	ctl[0] |= (byte(r) << 4)
-	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
 
 	// store the new range
 	d.r = r
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 // ReadRange returns the current G range for LIS3DH.
-func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range, err error) {
+func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range) {
 	ctl := []byte{0}
-	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
+	err := legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_CTRL4, ctl)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		println(err.Error())
 	}
 	// mask off bits
 	r = Range(ctl[0] >> 4)
 	r &= 0x03
 
-	return r, nil
+	return r
 }
 
 // ReadAcceleration reads the current acceleration from the device and returns
@@ -121,17 +96,28 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRange() (r Range, err error) {
 // and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
 // -1000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (int32, int32, int32, error) {
-	rawX, rawY, rawZ := d.ReadRawAcceleration()
-	x, y, z := normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ, d.r)
-	return x, y, z, nil
+	x, y, z := d.ReadRawAcceleration()
+	divider := float32(1)
+	switch d.r {
+	case RANGE_16_G:
+		divider = 1365
+	case RANGE_8_G:
+		divider = 4096
+	case RANGE_4_G:
+		divider = 8190
+	case RANGE_2_G:
+		divider = 16380
+	}
+
+	return int32(float32(x) / divider * 1000000), int32(float32(y) / divider * 1000000), int32(float32(z) / divider * 1000000), nil
 }
 
 // ReadRawAcceleration returns the raw x, y and z axis from the LIS3DH
 func (d *Device) ReadRawAcceleration() (x int16, y int16, z int16) {
-	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
+	legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.Address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
 
 	data := []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
-	d.bus.Tx(d.address, nil, data)
+	d.bus.Tx(d.Address, nil, data)
 
 	x = int16((uint16(data[1]) << 8) | uint16(data[0]))
 	y = int16((uint16(data[3]) << 8) | uint16(data[2]))
@@ -139,68 +125,3 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRawAcceleration() (x int16, y int16, z int16) {
 
 	return
 }
-
-// Update the sensor values of the 'which' parameter. Only acceleration is
-// supported at the moment.
-func (d *Device) Update(which drivers.Measurement) error {
-	if which&drivers.Acceleration != 0 {
-		// Read raw acceleration values and store them in the driver.
-		err := legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.address), REG_OUT_X_L|0x80, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = d.bus.Tx(d.address, nil, d.accel[:])
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Acceleration returns the last read acceleration in µg (micro-gravity).
-// When one of the axes is pointing straight to Earth and the sensor is not
-// moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or -1000000.
-func (d *Device) Acceleration() (x, y, z int32) {
-	// Extract the raw 16-bit values.
-	rawX := int16((uint16(d.accel[1]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[0]))
-	rawY := int16((uint16(d.accel[3]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[2]))
-	rawZ := int16((uint16(d.accel[5]) << 8) | uint16(d.accel[4]))
-
-	// Normalize these values, to be in µg (micro-gravity).
-	return normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ, d.r)
-}
-
-// Convert raw 16-bit values to normalized 32-bit values while avoiding floats
-// and divisions.
-func normalizeRange(rawX, rawY, rawZ int16, r Range) (x, y, z int32) {
-	// We're going to convert the 16-bit raw values to values in the range
-	// -1000_000..1000_000. For now we're going to assume a range of 16G, we'll
-	// adjust that range later.
-	// The formula is derived as follows, and carefully selected to avoid
-	// overflow and integer divisions (the division will be optimized to a
-	// bitshift):
-	//   x = x * 1000_000      / 2048
-	//   x = x * (1000_000/64) / (2048/64)
-	//   x = x * 15625         / 32
-	x = int32(rawX) * 15625 / 32
-	y = int32(rawY) * 15625 / 32
-	z = int32(rawZ) * 15625 / 32
-
-	// Now we need to normalize the three values, since we assumed 16G before.
-	shift := uint32(0)
-	switch r {
-	case RANGE_16_G:
-		shift = 0
-	case RANGE_8_G:
-		shift = 1
-	case RANGE_4_G:
-		shift = 2
-	case RANGE_2_G:
-		shift = 3
-	}
-	x >>= shift
-	y >>= shift
-	z >>= shift
-
-	return
-}

lsm9ds1/lsm9ds1.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type AccelRange uint8
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ type Device struct {
 	accelMultiplier int32
 	gyroMultiplier  int32
 	magMultiplier   int32
-	buf             [7]uint8 // up to 6 bytes for read + 1 byte for the register address
+	buf             [6]uint8
 }
 
 // Configuration for LSM9DS1 device.
@@ -60,15 +61,10 @@ func New(bus drivers.I2C) *Device {
 // Case of boolean false and error nil means I2C is up,
 // but "who am I" responses have unexpected values.
 func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
-	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, WHO_AM_I, 1)
-	if err != nil || data[0] != 0x68 {
-		return false
-	}
-	data, err = d.readBytes(d.MagAddress, WHO_AM_I_M, 1)
-	if err != nil || data[0] != 0x3D {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
+	data1, data2 := d.buf[:1], d.buf[1:2]
+	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, WHO_AM_I, data1)
+	legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, WHO_AM_I_M, data2)
+	return data1[0] == 0x68 && data2[0] == 0x3D
 }
 
 // ReadAcceleration reads the current acceleration from the device and returns
@@ -76,7 +72,8 @@ func (d *Device) Connected() bool {
 // and the sensor is not moving the returned value will be around 1000000 or
 // -1000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_X_L_XL, 6)
+	data := d.buf[:6]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_X_L_XL, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -91,7 +88,8 @@ func (d *Device) ReadAcceleration() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 // rotation along one axis and while doing so integrate all values over time,
 // you would get a value close to 360000000.
 func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_X_L_G, 6)
+	data := d.buf[:6]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_X_L_G, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -104,7 +102,8 @@ func (d *Device) ReadRotation() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 // ReadMagneticField reads the current magnetic field from the device and returns
 // it in nT (nanotesla). 1 G (gauss) = 100_000 nT (nanotesla).
 func (d *Device) ReadMagneticField() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
-	data, err := d.readBytes(d.MagAddress, OUT_X_L_M, 6)
+	data := d.buf[:6]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.MagAddress), OUT_X_L_M, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -116,7 +115,8 @@ func (d *Device) ReadMagneticField() (x, y, z int32, err error) {
 
 // ReadTemperature returns the temperature in Celsius milli degrees (°C/1000)
 func (d *Device) ReadTemperature() (t int32, err error) {
-	data, err := d.readBytes(d.AccelAddress, OUT_TEMP_L, 2)
+	data := d.buf[:2]
+	err = legacy.ReadRegister(d.bus, uint8(d.AccelAddress), OUT_TEMP_L, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -167,16 +167,20 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 		d.magMultiplier = 58
 	}
 
+	data := d.buf[:1]
+
 	// Configure accelerometer
 	// Sample rate & measurement range
-	err = d.writeByte(d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG6_XL, uint8(cfg.AccelSampleRate)<<5|uint8(cfg.AccelRange)<<3)
+	data[0] = uint8(cfg.AccelSampleRate)<<5 | uint8(cfg.AccelRange)<<3
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG6_XL, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Configure gyroscope
 	// Sample rate & measurement range
-	err = d.writeByte(d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG1_G, uint8(cfg.GyroSampleRate)<<5|uint8(cfg.GyroRange)<<3)
+	data[0] = uint8(cfg.GyroSampleRate)<<5 | uint8(cfg.GyroRange)<<3
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.AccelAddress, CTRL_REG1_G, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -186,44 +190,33 @@ func (d *Device) doConfigure(cfg Configuration) (err error) {
 	// Temperature compensation enabled
 	// High-performance mode XY axis
 	// Sample rate
-	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG1_M, 0b10000000|0b01000000|uint8(cfg.MagSampleRate)<<2)
+	data[0] = 0b10000000 | 0b01000000 | uint8(cfg.MagSampleRate)<<2
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG1_M, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Measurement range
-	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG2_M, uint8(cfg.MagRange)<<5)
+	data[0] = uint8(cfg.MagRange) << 5
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG2_M, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Continuous-conversion mode
 	// https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/237397/continuous-conversion-vs-single-conversion-mode
-	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG3_M, 0b00000000)
+	data[0] = 0b00000000
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG3_M, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// High-performance mode Z axis
-	err = d.writeByte(d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG4_M, 0b00001000)
+	data[0] = 0b00001000
+	err = legacy.WriteRegister(d.bus, d.MagAddress, CTRL_REG4_M, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (d *Device) readBytes(addr, reg, size uint8) ([]byte, error) {
-	d.buf[0] = reg
-	err := d.bus.Tx(uint16(addr), d.buf[0:1], d.buf[1:size+1])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return d.buf[1 : size+1], nil
-}
-
-func (d *Device) writeByte(addr, reg, value uint8) error {
-	d.buf[0] = reg
-	d.buf[1] = value
-	return d.bus.Tx(uint16(addr), d.buf[0:2], nil)
-}

pin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package drivers
+
+// Pin types abstract the underlying implementation of a pin,
+// allowing the use of different hardware or libraries without changing driver code.
+//
+// Note, pin mode functionality is not part of the Pin interface.
+// Client code is responsible for configuring pin modes correctly.
+// This can be done either before passing the pin to a driver constructor
+// or by ensuring correct pin mode is set when Get or Set methods are called.
+// See rpio package for an example of a pin implementation that does this.
+//
+// Drivers that used to configure output pin mode in their constructors can use
+// legacy.PinOutput() wrapper to keep the same behavior for machine.Pin.
+// See internal/legacy/pinlegacy_tinygo.go and internal/legacy/pinlegacy_generic.go for details.
+//
+// All new drivers are encouraged to not configure pin modes in their constructors and
+// do not depend on either machine package or legacy wrappers.
+
+// PinInput is an interface for reading the state of a pin.
+type PinInput interface {
+	Get() bool
+}
+
+// PinOutput is an interface for setting the state of a pin.
+type PinOutput interface {
+	Set(bool)
+}
+
+// Pin is an interface for a pin that can be both input and output.
+type Pin interface {
+	PinInput
+	PinOutput
+}
+
+// PinGet is a function type for getting the state of a pin
+// Shall be used in high-performance drivers to avoid interface call overhead.
+type PinGet func() bool
+
+// PinSet is a function type for setting the state of a pin.
+// Shall be used in high-performance drivers to avoid interface call overhead.
+type PinSet func(bool)

rpio/pin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Implementation of the Pin interface for the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins.
+// Depends on the go-rpio library.
+// Configures pin modes automatically when Get or Set methods are called.
+
+package rpio // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/rpio"
+
+import go_rpio "github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4"
+
+type Pin struct {
+	modeSet bool
+	Mode    go_rpio.Mode
+	Pin     go_rpio.Pin
+}
+
+func NewPin(pinNumber int) *Pin {
+	return &Pin{Pin: go_rpio.Pin(pinNumber)}
+}
+
+func (p *Pin) Get() bool {
+	if !p.modeSet || p.Mode != go_rpio.Input {
+		p.Pin.Input()
+		p.Mode = go_rpio.Input
+	}
+	return p.Pin.Read() == go_rpio.High
+}
+
+func (p *Pin) Set(high bool) {
+	if !p.modeSet || p.Mode != go_rpio.Output {
+		p.Pin.Output()
+		p.Mode = go_rpio.Output
+	}
+	state := go_rpio.Low
+	if high {
+		state = go_rpio.High
+	}
+	p.Pin.Write(state)
+}

rpio/spi.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package rpio // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/rpio"
+
+import go_rpio "github.com/stianeikeland/go-rpio/v4"
+
+type SPI struct {
+}
+
+func NewSPI() (s *SPI) {
+	if err := go_rpio.SpiBegin(go_rpio.Spi0); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	go_rpio.SpiSpeed(25_000_000) // 25 MHz
+	go_rpio.SpiChipSelect(0)
+	return &SPI{}
+}
+
+func (s *SPI) Tx(w, r []byte) error {
+	data := make([]byte, len(w))
+	copy(data, w)
+	go_rpio.SpiExchange(data)
+	copy(r, data)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SPI) Transfer(b byte) (byte, error) {
+	w := []byte{b}
+	r := make([]byte, len(w))
+	err := s.Tx(w, r)
+	return r[0], err
+}

ssd1306/ssd1306_spi.go

@@ -1,46 +1,43 @@
 package ssd1306
 
 import (
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 )
 
 type SPIBus struct {
 	wire     drivers.SPI
-	dcPin    machine.Pin
-	resetPin machine.Pin
-	csPin    machine.Pin
+	dcPin    drivers.PinOutput
+	resetPin drivers.PinOutput
+	csPin    drivers.PinOutput
 	buffer   []byte // buffer to avoid heap allocations
 }
 
 // NewSPI creates a new SSD1306 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func NewSPI(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, resetPin, csPin machine.Pin) *Device {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+func NewSPI(bus drivers.SPI, dcPin, resetPin, csPin drivers.PinOutput) *Device {
 	return &Device{
 		bus: &SPIBus{
 			wire:     bus,
-			dcPin:    dcPin,
-			resetPin: resetPin,
-			csPin:    csPin,
+			dcPin:    legacy.PinOutput(dcPin),
+			resetPin: legacy.PinOutput(resetPin),
+			csPin:    legacy.PinOutput(csPin),
 		},
 	}
 }
 
 // configure pins with the SPI bus and allocate the buffer
 func (b *SPIBus) configure(address uint16, size int16) []byte {
-	b.csPin.Low()
-	b.dcPin.Low()
-	b.resetPin.Low()
+	b.csPin.Set(false)
+	b.dcPin.Set(false)
+	b.resetPin.Set(false)
 
-	b.resetPin.High()
+	b.resetPin.Set(true)
 	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	b.resetPin.Low()
+	b.resetPin.Set(false)
 	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
-	b.resetPin.High()
+	b.resetPin.Set(true)
 
 	b.buffer = make([]byte, size+1) // +1 for a command
 	return b.buffer[1:]             // return the image buffer
@@ -59,10 +56,10 @@ func (b *SPIBus) flush() error {
 
 // tx sends data to the display
 func (b *SPIBus) tx(data []byte, isCommand bool) error {
-	b.csPin.High()
+	b.csPin.Set(true)
 	b.dcPin.Set(!isCommand)
-	b.csPin.Low()
+	b.csPin.Set(false)
 	err := b.wire.Tx(data, nil)
-	b.csPin.High()
+	b.csPin.Set(true)
 	return err
 }

st7735/st7735.go

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ package st7735 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/st7735"
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"errors"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
+	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ type Device = DeviceOf[pixel.RGB565BE]
 // formats.
 type DeviceOf[T Color] struct {
 	bus          drivers.SPI
-	dcPin        machine.Pin
-	resetPin     machine.Pin
-	csPin        machine.Pin
-	blPin        machine.Pin
+	dcPin        drivers.PinOutput
+	resetPin     drivers.PinOutput
+	csPin        drivers.PinOutput
+	blPin        drivers.PinOutput
 	width        int16
 	height       int16
 	columnOffset int16
@@ -65,23 +65,19 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 // New creates a new ST7735 connection. The SPI wire must already be configured.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) Device {
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) Device {
 	return NewOf[pixel.RGB565BE](bus, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin)
 }
 
 // NewOf creates a new ST7735 connection with a particular pixel format. The SPI
 // wire must already be configured.
-func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin machine.Pin) DeviceOf[T] {
-	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	resetPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
-	blPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+func NewOf[T Color](bus drivers.SPI, resetPin, dcPin, csPin, blPin drivers.PinOutput) DeviceOf[T] {
 	return DeviceOf[T]{
 		bus:      bus,
-		dcPin:    dcPin,
-		resetPin: resetPin,
-		csPin:    csPin,
-		blPin:    blPin,
+		dcPin:    legacy.PinOutput(dcPin),
+		resetPin: legacy.PinOutput(resetPin),
+		csPin:    legacy.PinOutput(csPin),
+		blPin:    legacy.PinOutput(blPin),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,11 +110,11 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Configure(cfg Config) {
 	d.batchData = pixel.NewImage[T](int(d.batchLength), 1)
 
 	// reset the device
-	d.resetPin.High()
+	d.resetPin.Set(true)
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
-	d.resetPin.Low()
+	d.resetPin.Set(false)
 	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
-	d.resetPin.High()
+	d.resetPin.Set(true)
 	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
 
 	// Common initialization
@@ -226,7 +222,7 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Configure(cfg Config) {
 
 	d.SetRotation(d.rotation)
 
-	d.blPin.High()
+	d.blPin.Set(true)
 }
 
 // Display does nothing, there's no buffer as it might be too big for some boards
@@ -438,9 +434,9 @@ func (d *DeviceOf[T]) Size() (w, h int16) {
 // EnableBacklight enables or disables the backlight
 func (d *DeviceOf[T]) EnableBacklight(enable bool) {
 	if enable {
-		d.blPin.High()
+		d.blPin.Set(true)
 	} else {
-		d.blPin.Low()
+		d.blPin.Set(false)
 	}
 }
 

tinygo/pin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build baremetal && tinygo
+
+package tinygo // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/tinygo"
+
+import "machine"
+
+// tinygo.Pin wraps machine.Pin to ensure correct pin mode is set when Get or Set methods are called.
+
+type Pin struct {
+	pin  machine.Pin
+	mode machine.PinMode
+
+	modeSet   bool
+	inputMode machine.PinMode
+}
+
+func New(pin machine.Pin) *Pin {
+	return &Pin{pin: pin, inputMode: machine.PinInput}
+}
+
+func NewWithInputMode(pin machine.Pin, inputMode machine.PinMode) *Pin {
+	return &Pin{pin: pin, inputMode: inputMode}
+}
+
+func (p *Pin) Get() bool {
+	if !p.modeSet || p.mode != p.inputMode {
+		p.pin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: p.inputMode})
+		p.mode = machine.PinInput
+	}
+	return p.pin.Get()
+}
+
+func (p *Pin) Set(high bool) {
+	if !p.modeSet || p.mode != machine.PinOutput {
+		p.pin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+		p.mode = machine.PinOutput
+	}
+	p.pin.Set(high)
+}

uc8151/uc8151.go

@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ package uc8151 // import "tinygo.org/x/drivers/uc8151"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
+	"machine"
 	"time"
 
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/legacy"
-	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/internal/pin"
 	"tinygo.org/x/drivers/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -32,10 +31,10 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Device struct {
 	bus                      drivers.SPI
-	cs                       pin.OutputFunc
-	dc                       pin.OutputFunc
-	rst                      pin.OutputFunc
-	isBusy                   pin.InputFunc
+	cs                       machine.Pin
+	dc                       machine.Pin
+	rst                      machine.Pin
+	busy                     machine.Pin
 	width                    int16
 	height                   int16
 	buffer                   []uint8
@@ -50,22 +49,17 @@ type Device struct {
 type Speed uint8
 
 // New returns a new uc8151 driver. Pass in a fully configured SPI bus.
-// Pins passed in must be configured beforehand.
-func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin pin.Output, busyPin pin.Input) Device {
-	// For backwards compatibility.
-	// This driver used to configure pins,
-	// so leave in to not break users.
-	// May be removed in future so try not to depend on it!
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(csPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(dcPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinOut(rstPin)
-	legacy.ConfigurePinInput(busyPin)
+func New(bus drivers.SPI, csPin, dcPin, rstPin, busyPin machine.Pin) Device {
+	csPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	dcPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	rstPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+	busyPin.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})
 	return Device{
-		bus:    bus,
-		cs:     csPin.Set,
-		dc:     dcPin.Set,
-		rst:    rstPin.Set,
-		isBusy: busyPin.Get,
+		bus:  bus,
+		cs:   csPin,
+		dc:   dcPin,
+		rst:  rstPin,
+		busy: busyPin,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -319,14 +313,14 @@ func (d *Device) ClearDisplay() {
 
 // WaitUntilIdle waits until the display is ready
 func (d *Device) WaitUntilIdle() {
-	for !d.isBusy() {
+	for !d.busy.Get() {
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
 // IsBusy returns the busy status of the display
 func (d *Device) IsBusy() bool {
-	return d.isBusy()
+	return d.busy.Get()
 }
 
 // ClearBuffer sets the buffer to 0xFF (white)