Updated README to mention compiling for Windows

This metadata is emitted by Clang and I found it is important for source
level debugging on MacOS. This patch does not get source level debugging
to work yet (for that, it seems like packages need to be built
separately), but it is a step in the right direction.

README.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ See the [getting started instructions](https://tinygo.org/getting-started/) for
 
 ## Supported boards/targets
 
-You can compile TinyGo programs for microcontrollers, WebAssembly and Linux.
+You can compile TinyGo programs for microcontrollers, WebAssembly, Windows, and Linux.
 
 The following 94 microcontroller boards are currently supported:
 

builder/build.go

@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 		DefaultStackSize:   config.StackSize(),
 		NeedsStackObjects:  config.NeedsStackObjects(),
 		Debug:              true,
-		LTO:                config.LTO() != "legacy",
 	}
 
 	// Load the target machine, which is the LLVM object that contains all
@@ -192,6 +191,9 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 	lprogram, err := loader.Load(config, pkgName, config.ClangHeaders, types.Config{
 		Sizes: compiler.Sizes(machine),
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return BuildResult{}, err
+	}
 	result := BuildResult{
 		ModuleRoot: lprogram.MainPkg().Module.Dir,
 		MainDir:    lprogram.MainPkg().Dir,
@@ -201,9 +203,6 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 		// If there is no module root, just the regular root.
 		result.ModuleRoot = lprogram.MainPkg().Root
 	}
-	if err != nil { // failed to load AST
-		return result, err
-	}
 	err = lprogram.Parse()
 	if err != nil {
 		return result, err
@@ -453,24 +452,18 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				if compilerConfig.LTO {
+				if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-					buf := llvm.WriteThinLTOBitcodeToMemoryBuffer(mod)
+					// Work around a problem on Windows.
+					// For some reason, WriteBitcodeToFile causes TinyGo to
+					// exit with the following message:
+					//   LLVM ERROR: IO failure on output stream: Bad file descriptor
+					buf := llvm.WriteBitcodeToMemoryBuffer(mod)
 					defer buf.Dispose()
 					_, err = f.Write(buf.Bytes())
 				} else {
-					if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+					// Otherwise, write bitcode directly to the file (probably
-						// Work around a problem on Windows.
+					// faster).
-						// For some reason, WriteBitcodeToFile causes TinyGo to
+					err = llvm.WriteBitcodeToFile(mod, f)
-						// exit with the following message:
-						//   LLVM ERROR: IO failure on output stream: Bad file descriptor
-						buf := llvm.WriteBitcodeToMemoryBuffer(mod)
-						defer buf.Dispose()
-						_, err = f.Write(buf.Bytes())
-					} else {
-						// Otherwise, write bitcode directly to the file (probably
-						// faster).
-						err = llvm.WriteBitcodeToFile(mod, f)
-					}
 				}
 				if err != nil {
 					// WriteBitcodeToFile doesn't produce a useful error on its
@@ -518,11 +511,24 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 
 			// Create runtime.initAll function that calls the runtime
 			// initializer of each package.
-			initAllModule := createInitAll(ctx, config, compilerConfig, lprogram.Sorted())
+			llvmInitFn := mod.NamedFunction("runtime.initAll")
-			err := llvm.LinkModules(mod, initAllModule)
+			llvmInitFn.SetLinkage(llvm.InternalLinkage)
-			if err != nil {
+			llvmInitFn.SetUnnamedAddr(true)
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to link module: %w", err)
+			transform.AddStandardAttributes(llvmInitFn, config)
+			llvmInitFn.Param(0).SetName("context")
+			block := mod.Context().AddBasicBlock(llvmInitFn, "entry")
+			irbuilder := mod.Context().NewBuilder()
+			defer irbuilder.Dispose()
+			irbuilder.SetInsertPointAtEnd(block)
+			i8ptrType := llvm.PointerType(mod.Context().Int8Type(), 0)
+			for _, pkg := range lprogram.Sorted() {
+				pkgInit := mod.NamedFunction(pkg.Pkg.Path() + ".init")
+				if pkgInit.IsNil() {
+					panic("init not found for " + pkg.Pkg.Path())
+				}
+				irbuilder.CreateCall(pkgInit.GlobalValueType(), pkgInit, []llvm.Value{llvm.Undef(i8ptrType)}, "")
 			}
+			irbuilder.CreateRetVoid()
 
 			// After linking, functions should (as far as possible) be set to
 			// private linkage or internal linkage. The compiler package marks
@@ -555,7 +561,7 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 
 			// Run all optimization passes, which are much more effective now
 			// that the optimizer can see the whole program at once.
-			err = optimizeProgram(mod, config)
+			err := optimizeProgram(mod, config)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -616,38 +622,8 @@ func Build(pkgName, outpath, tmpdir string, config *compileopts.Config) (BuildRe
 		},
 	}
 
-	// Add job to create the runtime.initAll function in a new module.
-	initAllJob := &compileJob{
-		description: "create runtime.initAll",
-		result:      filepath.Join(tmpdir, "runtime-initAll.bc"),
-		run: func(job *compileJob) (err error) {
-			// Create module with runtime.initAll.
-			ctx := llvm.NewContext()
-			defer ctx.Dispose()
-			initAllMod := createInitAll(ctx, config, compilerConfig, lprogram.Sorted())
-			defer initAllMod.Dispose()
-
-			// Write module to bitcode file.
-			llvmBuf := llvm.WriteThinLTOBitcodeToMemoryBuffer(initAllMod)
-			defer llvmBuf.Dispose()
-			return os.WriteFile(job.result, llvmBuf.Bytes(), 0666)
-		},
-	}
-
 	// Prepare link command.
-	var linkerDependencies []*compileJob
+	linkerDependencies := []*compileJob{outputObjectFileJob}
-	switch config.LTO() {
-	case "legacy":
-		// Link all Go bitcode files together into a single large module and
-		// then do a ThinLTO link with the resulting large module + extra C
-		// files (from CGo etc).
-		linkerDependencies = append(linkerDependencies, outputObjectFileJob)
-	case "thin":
-		// Do a real thin link, with each Go package in a separate translation
-		// unit. This is faster than merging them into one big LTO module.
-		linkerDependencies = append(linkerDependencies, packageJobs...)
-		linkerDependencies = append(linkerDependencies, initAllJob)
-	}
 	result.Executable = filepath.Join(tmpdir, "main")
 	if config.GOOS() == "windows" {
 		result.Executable += ".exe"
@@ -1056,45 +1032,6 @@ func createEmbedObjectFile(data, hexSum, sourceFile, sourceDir, tmpdir string, c
 	return outfile.Name(), outfile.Close()
 }
 
-// Create a module with the runtime.initAll function that calls all package
-// initializers in initialization order.
-func createInitAll(ctx llvm.Context, config *compileopts.Config, compilerConfig *compiler.Config, pkgs []*loader.Package) llvm.Module {
-	// Create LLVM module.
-	mod := ctx.NewModule("runtime-initAll")
-
-	// Add datalayout string.
-	machine, err := compiler.NewTargetMachine(compilerConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err) // extremely unlikely to fail here (NewTargetMachine is called many times before)
-	}
-	defer machine.Dispose()
-	targetData := machine.CreateTargetData()
-	defer targetData.Dispose()
-	mod.SetTarget(config.Triple())
-	mod.SetDataLayout(targetData.String())
-
-	// Create empty runtime.initAll function.
-	i8ptrType := llvm.PointerType(mod.Context().Int8Type(), 0)
-	fnType := llvm.FunctionType(ctx.VoidType(), []llvm.Type{i8ptrType}, false)
-	fn := llvm.AddFunction(mod, "runtime.initAll", fnType)
-	fn.SetUnnamedAddr(true)
-	transform.AddStandardAttributes(fn, config)
-
-	// Add calls to package initializers.
-	fn.Param(0).SetName("context")
-	block := mod.Context().AddBasicBlock(fn, "entry")
-	irbuilder := mod.Context().NewBuilder()
-	defer irbuilder.Dispose()
-	irbuilder.SetInsertPointAtEnd(block)
-	for _, pkg := range pkgs {
-		pkgInit := llvm.AddFunction(mod, pkg.Pkg.Path()+".init", fnType)
-		irbuilder.CreateCall(fnType, pkgInit, []llvm.Value{llvm.Undef(i8ptrType)}, "")
-	}
-	irbuilder.CreateRetVoid()
-
-	return mod
-}
-
 // optimizeProgram runs a series of optimizations and transformations that are
 // needed to convert a program to its final form. Some transformations are not
 // optional and must be run as the compiler expects them to run.

compileopts/config.go

@@ -165,14 +165,6 @@ func (c *Config) OptLevels() (optLevel, sizeLevel int, inlinerThreshold uint) {
 	}
 }
 
-// LTO returns one of the possible LTO configurations: legacy or thin.
-func (c *Config) LTO() string {
-	if c.Options.LTO != "" {
-		return c.Options.LTO
-	}
-	return "legacy"
-}
-
 // PanicStrategy returns the panic strategy selected for this target. Valid
 // values are "print" (print the panic value, then exit) or "trap" (issue a trap
 // instruction).

compileopts/options.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ var (
 	validPrintSizeOptions     = []string{"none", "short", "full"}
 	validPanicStrategyOptions = []string{"print", "trap"}
 	validOptOptions           = []string{"none", "0", "1", "2", "s", "z"}
-	validLTOOptions           = []string{"legacy", "thin"}
 )
 
 // Options contains extra options to give to the compiler. These options are
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	GOARM           string // environment variable (only used with GOARCH=arm)
 	Target          string
 	Opt             string
-	LTO             string
 	GC              string
 	PanicStrategy   string
 	Scheduler       string
@@ -109,12 +107,6 @@ func (o *Options) Verify() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if o.LTO != "" {
-		if !isInArray(validLTOOptions, o.LTO) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid -lto=%s: valid values are %s", o.LTO, strings.Join(validLTOOptions, ", "))
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 

compiler/alias.go

@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@ var stdlibAliases = map[string]string{
 // createAlias implements the function (in the builder) as a call to the alias
 // function.
 func (b *builder) createAlias(alias llvm.Value) {
-	if !b.LTO {
+	b.llvmFn.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-		b.llvmFn.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-	}
 	b.llvmFn.SetUnnamedAddr(true)
 
 	if b.Debug {

compiler/compiler.go

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ type Config struct {
 	DefaultStackSize   uint64
 	NeedsStackObjects  bool
 	Debug              bool // Whether to emit debug information in the LLVM module.
-	LTO                bool // non-legacy LTO (meaning: package bitcode is merged by the linker)
 }
 
 // compilerContext contains function-independent data that should still be
@@ -898,9 +897,7 @@ func (c *compilerContext) createPackage(irbuilder llvm.Builder, pkg *ssa.Package
 				c.createEmbedGlobal(member, global, files)
 			} else if !info.extern {
 				global.SetInitializer(llvm.ConstNull(global.GlobalValueType()))
-				if !c.LTO {
+				global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-					global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-				}
 				if info.section != "" {
 					global.SetSection(info.section)
 				}
@@ -947,9 +944,7 @@ func (c *compilerContext) createEmbedGlobal(member *ssa.Global, global llvm.Valu
 		}
 		strObj := c.getEmbedFileString(files[0])
 		global.SetInitializer(strObj)
-		if !c.LTO {
+		global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-			global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-		}
 
 	case *types.Slice:
 		if typ.Elem().Underlying().(*types.Basic).Kind() != types.Byte {
@@ -973,9 +968,7 @@ func (c *compilerContext) createEmbedGlobal(member *ssa.Global, global llvm.Valu
 		sliceLen := llvm.ConstInt(c.uintptrType, file.Size, false)
 		sliceObj := c.ctx.ConstStruct([]llvm.Value{slicePtr, sliceLen, sliceLen}, false)
 		global.SetInitializer(sliceObj)
-		if !c.LTO {
+		global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-			global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-		}
 
 	case *types.Struct:
 		// Assume this is an embed.FS struct:
@@ -1058,9 +1051,7 @@ func (c *compilerContext) createEmbedGlobal(member *ssa.Global, global llvm.Valu
 		globalInitializer := llvm.ConstNull(c.getLLVMType(member.Type().(*types.Pointer).Elem()))
 		globalInitializer = c.builder.CreateInsertValue(globalInitializer, sliceGlobal, 0, "")
 		global.SetInitializer(globalInitializer)
-		if !c.LTO {
+		global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-			global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-		}
 		global.SetAlignment(c.targetData.ABITypeAlignment(globalInitializer.Type()))
 	}
 }
@@ -1107,8 +1098,7 @@ func (b *builder) createFunctionStart(intrinsic bool) {
 		// assertion error in llvm-project/llvm/include/llvm/IR/GlobalValue.h:236
 		// is thrown.
 		if b.llvmFn.Linkage() != llvm.InternalLinkage &&
-			b.llvmFn.Linkage() != llvm.PrivateLinkage &&
+			b.llvmFn.Linkage() != llvm.PrivateLinkage {
-			!b.LTO {
 			b.llvmFn.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
 		}
 		b.llvmFn.SetUnnamedAddr(true)

compiler/interface.go

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ func (c *compilerContext) getTypeCode(typ types.Type) llvm.Value {
 		case *types.Map:
 			typeFieldTypes = append(typeFieldTypes,
 				types.NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "ptrTo", types.Typ[types.UnsafePointer]),
+				types.NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "elementType", types.Typ[types.UnsafePointer]),
+				types.NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "keyType", types.Typ[types.UnsafePointer]),
 			)
 		case *types.Struct:
 			typeFieldTypes = append(typeFieldTypes,
@@ -193,6 +195,8 @@ func (c *compilerContext) getTypeCode(typ types.Type) llvm.Value {
 		case *types.Map:
 			typeFields = []llvm.Value{
 				c.getTypeCode(types.NewPointer(typ)), // ptrTo
+				c.getTypeCode(typ.Elem()),            // elem
+				c.getTypeCode(typ.Key()),             // key
 			}
 		case *types.Struct:
 			typeFields = []llvm.Value{
@@ -490,22 +494,17 @@ func (b *builder) createTypeAssert(expr *ssa.TypeAssert) llvm.Value {
 		commaOk = b.CreateCall(fn.GlobalValueType(), fn, []llvm.Value{actualTypeNum}, "")
 
 	} else {
-		if b.LTO {
+		globalName := "reflect/types.typeid:" + getTypeCodeName(expr.AssertedType)
-			assertedTypeCodeGlobal := b.getTypeCode(expr.AssertedType)
+		assertedTypeCodeGlobal := b.mod.NamedGlobal(globalName)
-			commaOk = b.CreateICmp(llvm.IntEQ, actualTypeNum, assertedTypeCodeGlobal, "commaok")
+		if assertedTypeCodeGlobal.IsNil() {
-		} else {
+			// Create a new typecode global.
-			globalName := "reflect/types.typeid:" + getTypeCodeName(expr.AssertedType)
+			assertedTypeCodeGlobal = llvm.AddGlobal(b.mod, b.ctx.Int8Type(), globalName)
-			assertedTypeCodeGlobal := b.mod.NamedGlobal(globalName)
+			assertedTypeCodeGlobal.SetGlobalConstant(true)
-			if assertedTypeCodeGlobal.IsNil() {
-				// Create a new typecode global.
-				assertedTypeCodeGlobal = llvm.AddGlobal(b.mod, b.ctx.Int8Type(), globalName)
-				assertedTypeCodeGlobal.SetGlobalConstant(true)
-			}
-			// Type assert on concrete type.
-			// Call runtime.typeAssert, which will be lowered to a simple icmp
-			// or const false in the interface lowering pass.
-			commaOk = b.createRuntimeCall("typeAssert", []llvm.Value{actualTypeNum, assertedTypeCodeGlobal}, "typecode")
 		}
+		// Type assert on concrete type.
+		// Call runtime.typeAssert, which will be lowered to a simple icmp or
+		// const false in the interface lowering pass.
+		commaOk = b.createRuntimeCall("typeAssert", []llvm.Value{actualTypeNum, assertedTypeCodeGlobal}, "typecode")
 	}
 
 	// Add 2 new basic blocks (that should get optimized away): one for the

compiler/interrupt.go

@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ func (b *builder) createInterruptGlobal(instr *ssa.CallCommon) (llvm.Value, erro
 	globalLLVMType := b.getLLVMType(globalType)
 	globalName := b.fn.Package().Pkg.Path() + "$interrupt" + strconv.FormatInt(id.Int64(), 10)
 	global := llvm.AddGlobal(b.mod, globalLLVMType, globalName)
-	if !b.LTO {
+	global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-		global.SetVisibility(llvm.HiddenVisibility)
-	}
 	global.SetGlobalConstant(true)
 	global.SetUnnamedAddr(true)
 	initializer := llvm.ConstNull(globalLLVMType)

main.go

@@ -1357,7 +1357,6 @@ func main() {
 	command := os.Args[1]
 
 	opt := flag.String("opt", "z", "optimization level: 0, 1, 2, s, z")
-	lto := flag.String("lto", "legacy", "LTO mode: legacy or thin")
 	gc := flag.String("gc", "", "garbage collector to use (none, leaking, conservative)")
 	panicStrategy := flag.String("panic", "print", "panic strategy (print, trap)")
 	scheduler := flag.String("scheduler", "", "which scheduler to use (none, tasks, asyncify)")
@@ -1460,7 +1459,6 @@ func main() {
 		Target:          *target,
 		StackSize:       stackSize,
 		Opt:             *opt,
-		LTO:             *lto,
 		GC:              *gc,
 		PanicStrategy:   *panicStrategy,
 		Scheduler:       *scheduler,

main_test.go

@@ -105,13 +105,6 @@ func TestBuild(t *testing.T) {
 			runTestWithConfig("print.go", t, opts, nil, nil)
 		})
 
-		t.Run("lto=thin", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			opts := optionsFromTarget("", sema)
-			opts.LTO = "thin"
-			runTestWithConfig("init.go", t, opts, nil, nil)
-		})
-
 		t.Run("ldflags", func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			opts := optionsFromTarget("", sema)

src/examples/flash/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	err     error
+	message = "1234567887654321123456788765432112345678876543211234567887654321"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+
+	// Print out general information
+	println("Flash data start:      ", machine.FlashDataStart())
+	println("Flash data end:        ", machine.FlashDataEnd())
+	println("Flash data size, bytes:", machine.Flash.Size())
+	println("Flash write block size:", machine.Flash.WriteBlockSize())
+	println("Flash erase block size:", machine.Flash.EraseBlockSize())
+	println()
+
+	flash := machine.OpenFlashBuffer(machine.Flash, machine.FlashDataStart())
+	original := make([]byte, len(message))
+	saved := make([]byte, len(message))
+
+	// Read flash contents on start (data shall survive power off)
+	print("Reading data from flash: ")
+	_, err = flash.Read(original)
+	checkError(err)
+	println(string(original))
+
+	// Write the message to flash
+	print("Writing data to flash: ")
+	flash.Seek(0, 0) // rewind back to beginning
+	_, err = flash.Write([]byte(message))
+	checkError(err)
+	println(string(message))
+
+	// Read back flash contents after write (verify data is the same as written)
+	print("Reading data back from flash: ")
+	flash.Seek(0, 0) // rewind back to beginning
+	_, err = flash.Read(saved)
+	checkError(err)
+	println(string(saved))
+	println()
+}
+
+func checkError(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		for {
+			println(err.Error())
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		}
+	}
+}

src/machine/flash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build nrf || nrf51 || nrf52 || nrf528xx || stm32f4 || stm32l4 || stm32wlx
+
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+//go:extern __flash_data_start
+var flashDataStart [0]byte
+
+//go:extern __flash_data_end
+var flashDataEnd [0]byte
+
+// Return the start of the writable flash area, aligned on a page boundary. This
+// is usually just after the program and static data.
+func FlashDataStart() uintptr {
+	pagesize := uintptr(eraseBlockSize())
+	return (uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&flashDataStart)) + pagesize - 1) &^ (pagesize - 1)
+}
+
+// Return the end of the writable flash area. Usually this is the address one
+// past the end of the on-chip flash.
+func FlashDataEnd() uintptr {
+	return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&flashDataEnd))
+}
+
+var (
+	errFlashCannotErasePage     = errors.New("cannot erase flash page")
+	errFlashInvalidWriteLength  = errors.New("write flash data must align to correct number of bits")
+	errFlashNotAllowedWriteData = errors.New("not allowed to write flash data")
+	errFlashCannotWriteData     = errors.New("cannot write flash data")
+	errFlashCannotReadPastEOF   = errors.New("cannot read beyond end of flash data")
+	errFlashCannotWritePastEOF  = errors.New("cannot write beyond end of flash data")
+)
+
+// BlockDevice is the raw device that is meant to store flash data.
+type BlockDevice interface {
+	// ReadAt reads the given number of bytes from the block device.
+	io.ReaderAt
+
+	// WriteAt writes the given number of bytes to the block device.
+	io.WriterAt
+
+	// Size returns the number of bytes in this block device.
+	Size() int64
+
+	// WriteBlockSize returns the block size in which data can be written to
+	// memory. It can be used by a client to optimize writes, non-aligned writes
+	// should always work correctly.
+	WriteBlockSize() int64
+
+	// EraseBlockSize returns the smallest erasable area on this particular chip
+	// in bytes. This is used for the block size in EraseBlocks.
+	// It must be a power of two, and may be as small as 1. A typical size is 4096.
+	EraseBlockSize() int64
+
+	// EraseBlocks erases the given number of blocks. An implementation may
+	// transparently coalesce ranges of blocks into larger bundles if the chip
+	// supports this. The start and len parameters are in block numbers, use
+	// EraseBlockSize to map addresses to blocks.
+	EraseBlocks(start, len int64) error
+}
+
+// FlashBuffer implements the ReadWriteCloser interface using the BlockDevice interface.
+type FlashBuffer struct {
+	b       BlockDevice
+	start   uintptr
+	current uintptr
+}
+
+// OpenFlashBuffer opens a FlashBuffer.
+func OpenFlashBuffer(b BlockDevice, address uintptr) *FlashBuffer {
+	return &FlashBuffer{b: b, start: address, current: address}
+}
+
+// Read data from a FlashBuffer.
+func (fl *FlashBuffer) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	fl.b.ReadAt(p, int64(fl.current))
+
+	fl.current += uintptr(len(p))
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// Write data to a FlashBuffer.
+func (fl *FlashBuffer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	// any new pages needed?
+	// NOTE probably will not work as expected if you try to write over page boundary
+	// of pages with different sizes.
+	pagesize := uintptr(fl.b.EraseBlockSize())
+	currentPageCount := (fl.current - fl.start + pagesize - 1) / pagesize
+	totalPagesNeeded := (fl.current - fl.start + uintptr(len(p)) + pagesize - 1) / pagesize
+	if currentPageCount == totalPagesNeeded {
+		// just write the data
+		n, err := fl.b.WriteAt(p, int64(fl.current))
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		fl.current += uintptr(n)
+		return n, nil
+	}
+
+	// erase enough blocks to hold the data
+	page := fl.flashPageFromAddress(fl.start + (currentPageCount * pagesize))
+	fl.b.EraseBlocks(page, int64(totalPagesNeeded-currentPageCount))
+
+	// write the data
+	for i := 0; i < len(p); i += int(pagesize) {
+		var last int = i + int(pagesize)
+		if i+int(pagesize) > len(p) {
+			last = len(p)
+		}
+
+		_, err := fl.b.WriteAt(p[i:last], int64(fl.current))
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		fl.current += uintptr(last - i)
+	}
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// Close the FlashBuffer.
+func (fl *FlashBuffer) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Seek implements io.Seeker interface, but with limitations.
+// You can only seek relative to the start.
+// Also, you cannot use seek before write operations, only read.
+func (fl *FlashBuffer) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
+	fl.current = fl.start + uintptr(offset)
+
+	return offset, nil
+}
+
+// calculate page number from address
+func (fl *FlashBuffer) flashPageFromAddress(address uintptr) int64 {
+	return int64(address-memoryStart) / fl.b.EraseBlockSize()
+}

src/machine/machine_nrf.go

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 package machine
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"device/nrf"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"runtime/interrupt"
 	"unsafe"
 )
@@ -382,3 +384,109 @@ func ReadTemperature() int32 {
 	nrf.TEMP.EVENTS_DATARDY.Set(0)
 	return temp
 }
+
+const memoryStart = 0x0
+
+// compile-time check for ensuring we fulfill BlockDevice interface
+var _ BlockDevice = flashBlockDevice{}
+
+var Flash flashBlockDevice
+
+type flashBlockDevice struct {
+}
+
+// ReadAt reads the given number of bytes from the block device.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) ReadAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	if FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off)+uintptr(len(p)) > FlashDataEnd() {
+		return 0, errFlashCannotReadPastEOF
+	}
+
+	data := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off))), len(p))
+	copy(p, data)
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// WriteAt writes the given number of bytes to the block device.
+// Only double-word (64 bits) length data can be programmed. See rm0461 page 78.
+// If the length of p is not long enough it will be padded with 0xFF bytes.
+// This method assumes that the destination is already erased.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) WriteAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	if FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off)+uintptr(len(p)) > FlashDataEnd() {
+		return 0, errFlashCannotWritePastEOF
+	}
+
+	address := FlashDataStart() + uintptr(off)
+	padded := f.pad(p)
+
+	waitWhileFlashBusy()
+
+	nrf.NVMC.SetCONFIG_WEN(nrf.NVMC_CONFIG_WEN_Wen)
+	defer nrf.NVMC.SetCONFIG_WEN(nrf.NVMC_CONFIG_WEN_Ren)
+
+	for j := 0; j < len(padded); j += int(f.WriteBlockSize()) {
+		// write word
+		*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(padded[j : j+int(f.WriteBlockSize())])
+		address += uintptr(f.WriteBlockSize())
+		waitWhileFlashBusy()
+	}
+
+	return len(padded), nil
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of bytes in this block device.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) Size() int64 {
+	return int64(FlashDataEnd() - FlashDataStart())
+}
+
+const writeBlockSize = 4
+
+// WriteBlockSize returns the block size in which data can be written to
+// memory. It can be used by a client to optimize writes, non-aligned writes
+// should always work correctly.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) WriteBlockSize() int64 {
+	return writeBlockSize
+}
+
+// EraseBlockSize returns the smallest erasable area on this particular chip
+// in bytes. This is used for the block size in EraseBlocks.
+// It must be a power of two, and may be as small as 1. A typical size is 4096.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) EraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSize()
+}
+
+// EraseBlocks erases the given number of blocks. An implementation may
+// transparently coalesce ranges of blocks into larger bundles if the chip
+// supports this. The start and len parameters are in block numbers, use
+// EraseBlockSize to map addresses to blocks.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) EraseBlocks(start, len int64) error {
+	address := FlashDataStart() + uintptr(start*f.EraseBlockSize())
+	waitWhileFlashBusy()
+
+	nrf.NVMC.SetCONFIG_WEN(nrf.NVMC_CONFIG_WEN_Een)
+	defer nrf.NVMC.SetCONFIG_WEN(nrf.NVMC_CONFIG_WEN_Ren)
+
+	for i := start; i < start+len; i++ {
+		nrf.NVMC.ERASEPAGE.Set(uint32(address))
+		waitWhileFlashBusy()
+		address += uintptr(f.EraseBlockSize())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// pad data if needed so it is long enough for correct byte alignment on writes.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) pad(p []byte) []byte {
+	paddingNeeded := f.WriteBlockSize() - (int64(len(p)) % f.WriteBlockSize())
+	if paddingNeeded == 0 {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	padding := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, int(paddingNeeded))
+	return append(p, padding...)
+}
+
+func waitWhileFlashBusy() {
+	for nrf.NVMC.GetREADY() != nrf.NVMC_READY_READY_Ready {
+	}
+}

src/machine/machine_nrf51.go

@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"device/nrf"
 )
 
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 1024
+
+func eraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSizeValue
+}
+
 // Get peripheral and pin number for this GPIO pin.
 func (p Pin) getPortPin() (*nrf.GPIO_Type, uint32) {
 	return nrf.GPIO, uint32(p)

src/machine/machine_nrf52.go

@@ -63,3 +63,9 @@ var (
 	PWM1 = &PWM{PWM: nrf.PWM1}
 	PWM2 = &PWM{PWM: nrf.PWM2}
 )
+
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 4096
+
+func eraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSizeValue
+}

src/machine/machine_nrf52833.go

@@ -84,3 +84,9 @@ var (
 	PWM2 = &PWM{PWM: nrf.PWM2}
 	PWM3 = &PWM{PWM: nrf.PWM3}
 )
+
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 4096
+
+func eraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSizeValue
+}

src/machine/machine_nrf52840.go

@@ -102,3 +102,9 @@ func (pdm *PDM) Read(buf []int16) (uint32, error) {
 
 	return uint32(len(buf)), nil
 }
+
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 4096
+
+func eraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSizeValue
+}

src/machine/machine_stm32_flash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//go:build stm32f4 || stm32l4 || stm32wlx
+
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"device/stm32"
+
+	"bytes"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// compile-time check for ensuring we fulfill BlockDevice interface
+var _ BlockDevice = flashBlockDevice{}
+
+var Flash flashBlockDevice
+
+type flashBlockDevice struct {
+}
+
+// ReadAt reads the given number of bytes from the block device.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) ReadAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	if FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off)+uintptr(len(p)) > FlashDataEnd() {
+		return 0, errFlashCannotReadPastEOF
+	}
+
+	data := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off))), len(p))
+	copy(p, data)
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// WriteAt writes the given number of bytes to the block device.
+// Only double-word (64 bits) length data can be programmed. See rm0461 page 78.
+// If the length of p is not long enough it will be padded with 0xFF bytes.
+// This method assumes that the destination is already erased.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) WriteAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	if FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off)+uintptr(len(p)) > FlashDataEnd() {
+		return 0, errFlashCannotWritePastEOF
+	}
+
+	unlockFlash()
+	defer lockFlash()
+
+	return writeFlashData(FlashDataStart()+uintptr(off), f.pad(p))
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of bytes in this block device.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) Size() int64 {
+	return int64(FlashDataEnd() - FlashDataStart())
+}
+
+// WriteBlockSize returns the block size in which data can be written to
+// memory. It can be used by a client to optimize writes, non-aligned writes
+// should always work correctly.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) WriteBlockSize() int64 {
+	return writeBlockSize
+}
+
+func eraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSizeValue
+}
+
+// EraseBlockSize returns the smallest erasable area on this particular chip
+// in bytes. This is used for the block size in EraseBlocks.
+// It must be a power of two, and may be as small as 1. A typical size is 4096.
+// TODO: correctly handle processors that have differently sized blocks
+// in different areas of memory like the STM32F40x and STM32F1x.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) EraseBlockSize() int64 {
+	return eraseBlockSize()
+}
+
+// EraseBlocks erases the given number of blocks. An implementation may
+// transparently coalesce ranges of blocks into larger bundles if the chip
+// supports this. The start and len parameters are in block numbers, use
+// EraseBlockSize to map addresses to blocks.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) EraseBlocks(start, len int64) error {
+	unlockFlash()
+	defer lockFlash()
+
+	for i := start; i < start+len; i++ {
+		if err := eraseBlock(uint32(i)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// pad data if needed so it is long enough for correct byte alignment on writes.
+func (f flashBlockDevice) pad(p []byte) []byte {
+	paddingNeeded := f.WriteBlockSize() - (int64(len(p)) % f.WriteBlockSize())
+	if paddingNeeded == 0 {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	padded := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, int(paddingNeeded))
+	return append(p, padded...)
+}
+
+const memoryStart = 0x08000000
+
+func unlockFlash() {
+	// keys as described rm0461 page 76
+	var fkey1 uint32 = 0x45670123
+	var fkey2 uint32 = 0xCDEF89AB
+
+	// Wait for the flash memory not to be busy
+	for stm32.FLASH.GetSR_BSY() != 0 {
+	}
+
+	// Check if the controller is unlocked already
+	if stm32.FLASH.GetCR_LOCK() != 0 {
+		// Write the first key
+		stm32.FLASH.SetKEYR(fkey1)
+		// Write the second key
+		stm32.FLASH.SetKEYR(fkey2)
+	}
+}
+
+func lockFlash() {
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_LOCK(1)
+}

src/machine/machine_stm32f4.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ package machine
 
 import (
 	"device/stm32"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"math/bits"
 	"runtime/interrupt"
 	"runtime/volatile"
@@ -791,3 +793,142 @@ func (i2c *I2C) getSpeed(config I2CConfig) uint32 {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+//---------- Flash related code
+
+// the block size actually depends on the sector.
+// TODO: handle this correctly for sectors > 3
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 16384
+
+// see RM0090 page 75
+func sectorNumber(address uintptr) uint32 {
+	switch {
+	// 0x0800 0000 - 0x0800 3FFF
+	case address >= 0x08000000 && address <= 0x08003FFF:
+		return 0
+	// 0x0800 4000 - 0x0800 7FFF
+	case address >= 0x08004000 && address <= 0x08007FFF:
+		return 1
+	// 0x0800 8000 - 0x0800 BFFF
+	case address >= 0x08008000 && address <= 0x0800BFFF:
+		return 2
+	// 0x0800 C000 - 0x0800 FFFF
+	case address >= 0x0800C000 && address <= 0x0800FFFF:
+		return 3
+	// 0x0801 0000 - 0x0801 FFFF
+	case address >= 0x08010000 && address <= 0x0801FFFF:
+		return 4
+	// 0x0802 0000 - 0x0803 FFFF
+	case address >= 0x08020000 && address <= 0x0803FFFF:
+		return 5
+	// 0x0804 0000 - 0x0805 FFFF
+	case address >= 0x08040000 && address <= 0x0805FFFF:
+		return 6
+	case address >= 0x08060000 && address <= 0x0807FFFF:
+		return 7
+	case address >= 0x08080000 && address <= 0x0809FFFF:
+		return 8
+	case address >= 0x080A0000 && address <= 0x080BFFFF:
+		return 9
+	case address >= 0x080C0000 && address <= 0x080DFFFF:
+		return 10
+	case address >= 0x080E0000 && address <= 0x080FFFFF:
+		return 11
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+// calculate sector number from address
+// var sector uint32 = sectorNumber(address)
+
+// see RM0090 page 85
+// eraseBlock at the passed in block number
+func eraseBlock(block uint32) error {
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0xF0)
+
+	// set SER bit
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_SER(1)
+	defer stm32.FLASH.SetCR_SER(0)
+
+	// set the block (aka sector) to be erased
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_SNB(block)
+	defer stm32.FLASH.SetCR_SNB(0)
+
+	// start the page erase
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_STRT(1)
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const writeBlockSize = 2
+
+// see RM0090 page 86
+// must write data in word-length
+func writeFlashData(address uintptr, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(data)%writeBlockSize != 0 {
+		return 0, errFlashInvalidWriteLength
+	}
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0xF0)
+
+	// set parallelism to x32
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PSIZE(2)
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(data); i += writeBlockSize {
+		// start write operation
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(1)
+
+		*(*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[i : i+writeBlockSize])
+
+		waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+		if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+			return i, err
+		}
+
+		// end write operation
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(0)
+	}
+
+	return len(data), nil
+}
+
+func waitUntilFlashDone() {
+	for stm32.FLASH.GetSR_BSY() != 0 {
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	errFlashPGS = errors.New("errFlashPGS")
+	errFlashPGP = errors.New("errFlashPGP")
+	errFlashPGA = errors.New("errFlashPGA")
+	errFlashWRP = errors.New("errFlashWRP")
+)
+
+func checkError() error {
+	switch {
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGSERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGS
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGPERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGP
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGAERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGA
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_WRPERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashWRP
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

src/machine/machine_stm32l4.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ package machine
 
 import (
 	"device/stm32"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"runtime/interrupt"
 	"runtime/volatile"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -543,3 +545,104 @@ func initRNG() {
 	stm32.RCC.AHB2ENR.SetBits(stm32.RCC_AHB2ENR_RNGEN)
 	stm32.RNG.CR.SetBits(stm32.RNG_CR_RNGEN)
 }
+
+//---------- Flash related code
+
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 2048
+
+// see RM0394 page 83
+// eraseBlock of the passed in block number
+func eraseBlock(block uint32) error {
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0x3FA)
+
+	// page erase operation
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PER(1)
+	defer stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PER(0)
+
+	// set the page to be erased
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PNB(block)
+
+	// start the page erase
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_START(1)
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const writeBlockSize = 8
+
+// see RM0394 page 84
+// It is only possible to program double word (2 x 32-bit data).
+func writeFlashData(address uintptr, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(data)%writeBlockSize != 0 {
+		return 0, errFlashInvalidWriteLength
+	}
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0x3FA)
+
+	for j := 0; j < len(data); j += writeBlockSize {
+		// start page write operation
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(1)
+
+		// write first word using double-word low order word
+		*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[j+writeBlockSize/2 : j+writeBlockSize])
+
+		address += writeBlockSize / 2
+
+		// write second word using double-word high order word
+		*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[j : j+writeBlockSize/2])
+
+		waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+		if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+			return j, err
+		}
+
+		// end flash write
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(0)
+		address += writeBlockSize / 2
+	}
+
+	return len(data), nil
+}
+
+func waitUntilFlashDone() {
+	for stm32.FLASH.GetSR_BSY() != 0 {
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	errFlashPGS  = errors.New("errFlashPGS")
+	errFlashSIZE = errors.New("errFlashSIZE")
+	errFlashPGA  = errors.New("errFlashPGA")
+	errFlashWRP  = errors.New("errFlashWRP")
+	errFlashPROG = errors.New("errFlashPROG")
+)
+
+func checkError() error {
+	switch {
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGSERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGS
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_SIZERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashSIZE
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGAERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGA
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_WRPERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashWRP
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PROGERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPROG
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

src/machine/machine_stm32wlx.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ package machine
 
 import (
 	"device/stm32"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"math/bits"
 	"runtime/interrupt"
 	"runtime/volatile"
@@ -424,3 +426,115 @@ const (
 	ARR_MAX = 0x10000
 	PSC_MAX = 0x10000
 )
+
+//---------- Flash related code
+
+const eraseBlockSizeValue = 2048
+
+// eraseBlock of the passed in block number
+func eraseBlock(block uint32) error {
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// check if operation is allowed.
+	if stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PESD() != 0 {
+		return errFlashCannotErasePage
+	}
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0x3FA)
+
+	// page erase operation
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PER(1)
+	defer stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PER(0)
+
+	// set the address to the page to be written
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PNB(block)
+	defer stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PNB(0)
+
+	// start the page erase
+	stm32.FLASH.SetCR_STRT(1)
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const writeBlockSize = 8
+
+func writeFlashData(address uintptr, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(data)%writeBlockSize != 0 {
+		return 0, errFlashInvalidWriteLength
+	}
+
+	waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+	// check if operation is allowed
+	if stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PESD() != 0 {
+		return 0, errFlashNotAllowedWriteData
+	}
+
+	// clear any previous errors
+	stm32.FLASH.SR.SetBits(0x3FA)
+
+	for j := 0; j < len(data); j += writeBlockSize {
+		// start page write operation
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(1)
+
+		// write first word using double-word low order word
+		*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[j+writeBlockSize/2 : j+writeBlockSize])
+
+		address += writeBlockSize / 2
+
+		// write second word using double-word high order word
+		*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(address)) = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[j : j+writeBlockSize/2])
+
+		waitUntilFlashDone()
+
+		if err := checkError(); err != nil {
+			return j, err
+		}
+
+		// end flash write
+		stm32.FLASH.SetCR_PG(0)
+		address += writeBlockSize / 2
+	}
+
+	return len(data), nil
+}
+
+func waitUntilFlashDone() {
+	for stm32.FLASH.GetSR_BSY() != 0 {
+	}
+
+	for stm32.FLASH.GetSR_CFGBSY() != 0 {
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	errFlashPGS  = errors.New("errFlashPGS")
+	errFlashSIZE = errors.New("errFlashSIZE")
+	errFlashPGA  = errors.New("errFlashPGA")
+	errFlashWRP  = errors.New("errFlashWRP")
+	errFlashPROG = errors.New("errFlashPROG")
+)
+
+func checkError() error {
+	switch {
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGSERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGS
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_SIZERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashSIZE
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PGAERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPGA
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_WRPERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashWRP
+	case stm32.FLASH.GetSR_PROGERR() != 0:
+		return errFlashPROG
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

src/reflect/all_test.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ var deepEqualTests = []DeepEqualTest{
 	{&[3]int{1, 2, 3}, &[3]int{1, 2, 3}, true},
 	{Basic{1, 0.5}, Basic{1, 0.5}, true},
 	{error(nil), error(nil), true},
-	//{map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "two"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, true},
+	{map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "two"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, true},
 	{fn1, fn2, true},
 	{[]byte{1, 2, 3}, []byte{1, 2, 3}, true},
 	{[]MyByte{1, 2, 3}, []MyByte{1, 2, 3}, true},
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ var deepEqualTests = []DeepEqualTest{
 	{&[3]int{1, 2, 3}, &[3]int{1, 2, 4}, false},
 	{Basic{1, 0.5}, Basic{1, 0.6}, false},
 	{Basic{1, 0}, Basic{2, 0}, false},
-	//{map[int]string{1: "one", 3: "two"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
+	{map[int]string{1: "one", 3: "two"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
-	//{map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "txo"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
+	{map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "txo"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
-	//{map[int]string{1: "one"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
+	{map[int]string{1: "one"}, map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, false},
-	//{map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, map[int]string{1: "one"}, false},
+	{map[int]string{2: "two", 1: "one"}, map[int]string{1: "one"}, false},
 	{nil, 1, false},
 	{1, nil, false},
 	{fn1, fn3, false},
@@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ var deepEqualTests = []DeepEqualTest{
 	{&[1]float64{math.NaN()}, self{}, true},
 	{[]float64{math.NaN()}, []float64{math.NaN()}, false},
 	{[]float64{math.NaN()}, self{}, true},
-	//{map[float64]float64{math.NaN(): 1}, map[float64]float64{1: 2}, false},
+	{map[float64]float64{math.NaN(): 1}, map[float64]float64{1: 2}, false},
-	//{map[float64]float64{math.NaN(): 1}, self{}, true},
+	{map[float64]float64{math.NaN(): 1}, self{}, true},
 
 	// Nil vs empty: not the same.
 	{[]int{}, []int(nil), false},
 	{[]int{}, []int{}, true},
 	{[]int(nil), []int(nil), true},
-	//{map[int]int{}, map[int]int(nil), false},
+	{map[int]int{}, map[int]int(nil), false},
-	//{map[int]int{}, map[int]int{}, true},
+	{map[int]int{}, map[int]int{}, true},
-	//{map[int]int(nil), map[int]int(nil), true},
+	{map[int]int(nil), map[int]int(nil), true},
 
 	// Mismatched types
 	{1, 1.0, false},
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ var deepEqualTests = []DeepEqualTest{
 	// Possible loops.
 	{&loopy1, &loopy1, true},
 	{&loopy1, &loopy2, true},
-	//{&cycleMap1, &cycleMap2, true},
+	{&cycleMap1, &cycleMap2, true},
-	//{&cycleMap1, &cycleMap3, false},
+	{&cycleMap1, &cycleMap3, false},
 }
 
 func TestDeepEqual(t *testing.T) {

src/reflect/type.go

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 // - map types (this is still missing the key and element types)
 //     meta         uint8
 //     ptrTo        *typeStruct
+//     elem         *typeStruct
+//     key          *typeStruct
 // - struct types (see structType):
 //     meta         uint8
 //     numField     uint16
@@ -408,6 +410,13 @@ type arrayType struct {
 	arrayLen uintptr
 }
 
+type mapType struct {
+	rawType
+	ptrTo *rawType
+	elem  *rawType
+	key   *rawType
+}
+
 // Type for struct types. The numField value is intentionally put before ptrTo
 // for better struct packing on 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. On these
 // architectures, the ptrTo field still has the same offset as in all the other
@@ -472,13 +481,21 @@ func (t *rawType) elem() *rawType {
 	switch underlying.Kind() {
 	case Pointer:
 		return (*ptrType)(unsafe.Pointer(underlying)).elem
-	case Chan, Slice, Array:
+	case Chan, Slice, Array, Map:
 		return (*elemType)(unsafe.Pointer(underlying)).elem
-	default: // not implemented: Map
+	default:
-		panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Type).Elem()")
+		panic(&TypeError{"Elem"})
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *rawType) key() *rawType {
+	underlying := t.underlying()
+	if underlying.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&TypeError{"Key"})
+	}
+	return (*mapType)(unsafe.Pointer(underlying)).key
+}
+
 // Field returns the type of the i'th field of this struct type. It panics if t
 // is not a struct type.
 func (t *rawType) Field(i int) StructField {
@@ -768,6 +785,29 @@ func (t *rawType) Comparable() bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// isbinary() returns if the hashmapAlgorithmBinary functions can be used on this type
+func (t *rawType) isBinary() bool {
+	switch t.Kind() {
+	case Bool, Int, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, Uint, Uint8, Uint16, Uint32, Uint64, Uintptr:
+		return true
+	case Float32, Float64, Complex64, Complex128:
+		return true
+	case Pointer:
+		return true
+	case Array:
+		return t.elem().isBinary()
+	case Struct:
+		numField := t.NumField()
+		for i := 0; i < numField; i++ {
+			if !t.rawField(i).Type.isBinary() {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (t rawType) ChanDir() ChanDir {
 	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Type).ChanDir()")
 }
@@ -797,7 +837,7 @@ func (t *rawType) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (t *rawType) Key() Type {
-	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Type).Key()")
+	return t.key()
 }
 
 func (t rawType) In(i int) Type {

src/reflect/value.go

@@ -641,30 +641,119 @@ func (v Value) OverflowFloat(x float64) bool {
 }
 
 func (v Value) MapKeys() []Value {
-	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).MapKeys()")
+	if v.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&ValueError{Method: "MapKeys", Kind: v.Kind()})
+	}
+
+	// empty map
+	if v.Len() == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	keys := make([]Value, 0, v.Len())
+
+	it := hashmapNewIterator()
+	k := New(v.typecode.Key())
+	e := New(v.typecode.Elem())
+
+	for hashmapNext(v.pointer(), it, k.value, e.value) {
+		keys = append(keys, k.Elem())
+		k = New(v.typecode.Key())
+	}
+
+	return keys
 }
 
+//go:linkname hashmapStringGet runtime.hashmapStringGetUnsafePointer
+func hashmapStringGet(m unsafe.Pointer, key string, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool
+
+//go:linkname hashmapBinaryGet runtime.hashmapBinaryGetUnsafePointer
+func hashmapBinaryGet(m unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool
+
 func (v Value) MapIndex(key Value) Value {
+	if v.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&ValueError{Method: "MapIndex", Kind: v.Kind()})
+	}
+
+	// compare key type with actual key type of map
+	if key.typecode != v.typecode.key() {
+		// type error?
+		panic("reflect.Value.MapIndex: incompatible types for key")
+	}
+
+	elemType := v.typecode.Elem()
+	elem := New(elemType)
+
+	if key.Kind() == String {
+		if ok := hashmapStringGet(v.pointer(), *(*string)(key.value), elem.value, elemType.Size()); !ok {
+			return Value{}
+		}
+		return elem.Elem()
+	} else if key.typecode.isBinary() {
+		var keyptr unsafe.Pointer
+		if key.isIndirect() || key.typecode.Size() > unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)) {
+			keyptr = key.value
+		} else {
+			keyptr = unsafe.Pointer(&key.value)
+		}
+		//TODO(dgryski): zero out padding bytes in key, if any
+		if ok := hashmapBinaryGet(v.pointer(), keyptr, elem.value, elemType.Size()); !ok {
+			return Value{}
+		}
+		return elem.Elem()
+	}
+
+	// TODO(dgryski): Add other map types.  For now, just string and binary types are supported.
 	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).MapIndex()")
 }
 
+//go:linkname hashmapNewIterator runtime.hashmapNewIterator
+func hashmapNewIterator() unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname hashmapNext runtime.hashmapNextUnsafePointer
+func hashmapNext(m unsafe.Pointer, it unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer) bool
+
 func (v Value) MapRange() *MapIter {
-	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).MapRange()")
+	if v.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&ValueError{Method: "MapRange", Kind: v.Kind()})
+	}
+
+	return &MapIter{
+		m:   v,
+		it:  hashmapNewIterator(),
+		key: New(v.typecode.Key()),
+		val: New(v.typecode.Elem()),
+	}
 }
 
 type MapIter struct {
+	m   Value
+	it  unsafe.Pointer
+	key Value
+	val Value
+
+	valid bool
 }
 
 func (it *MapIter) Key() Value {
-	panic("unimplemented: (*reflect.MapIter).Key()")
+	if !it.valid {
+		panic("reflect.MapIter.Key called on invalid iterator")
+	}
+
+	return it.key.Elem()
 }
 
 func (it *MapIter) Value() Value {
-	panic("unimplemented: (*reflect.MapIter).Value()")
+	if !it.valid {
+		panic("reflect.MapIter.Value called on invalid iterator")
+	}
+
+	return it.val.Elem()
 }
 
 func (it *MapIter) Next() bool {
-	panic("unimplemented: (*reflect.MapIter).Next()")
+	it.valid = hashmapNext(it.m.pointer(), it.it, it.key.value, it.val.value)
+	return it.valid
 }
 
 func (v Value) Set(x Value) {
@@ -903,8 +992,70 @@ func AppendSlice(s, t Value) Value {
 	}
 }
 
+//go:linkname hashmapStringSet runtime.hashmapStringSetUnsafePointer
+func hashmapStringSet(m unsafe.Pointer, key string, value unsafe.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname hashmapBinarySet runtime.hashmapBinarySetUnsafePointer
+func hashmapBinarySet(m unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname hashmapStringDelete runtime.hashmapStringDeleteUnsafePointer
+func hashmapStringDelete(m unsafe.Pointer, key string)
+
+//go:linkname hashmapBinaryDelete runtime.hashmapBinaryDeleteUnsafePointer
+func hashmapBinaryDelete(m unsafe.Pointer, key unsafe.Pointer)
+
 func (v Value) SetMapIndex(key, elem Value) {
-	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).SetMapIndex()")
+	if v.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&ValueError{Method: "SetMapIndex", Kind: v.Kind()})
+	}
+
+	// compare key type with actual key type of map
+	if key.typecode != v.typecode.key() {
+		panic("reflect.Value.SetMapIndex: incompatible types for key")
+	}
+
+	// if elem is the zero Value, it means delete
+	del := elem == Value{}
+
+	if !del && elem.typecode != v.typecode.elem() {
+		panic("reflect.Value.SetMapIndex: incompatible types for value")
+	}
+
+	if key.Kind() == String {
+		if del {
+			hashmapStringDelete(v.pointer(), *(*string)(key.value))
+		} else {
+			var elemptr unsafe.Pointer
+			if elem.isIndirect() || elem.typecode.Size() > unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)) {
+				elemptr = elem.value
+			} else {
+				elemptr = unsafe.Pointer(&elem.value)
+			}
+			hashmapStringSet(v.pointer(), *(*string)(key.value), elemptr)
+		}
+
+	} else if key.typecode.isBinary() {
+		var keyptr unsafe.Pointer
+		if key.isIndirect() || key.typecode.Size() > unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)) {
+			keyptr = key.value
+		} else {
+			keyptr = unsafe.Pointer(&key.value)
+		}
+
+		if del {
+			hashmapBinaryDelete(v.pointer(), keyptr)
+		} else {
+			var elemptr unsafe.Pointer
+			if elem.isIndirect() || elem.typecode.Size() > unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)) {
+				elemptr = elem.value
+			} else {
+				elemptr = unsafe.Pointer(&elem.value)
+			}
+			hashmapBinarySet(v.pointer(), keyptr, elemptr)
+		}
+	} else {
+		panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).MapIndex()")
+	}
 }
 
 // FieldByIndex returns the nested field corresponding to index.
@@ -921,9 +1072,53 @@ func (v Value) FieldByName(name string) Value {
 	panic("unimplemented: (reflect.Value).FieldByName()")
 }
 
+//go:linkname hashmapMake runtime.hashmapMakeUnsafePointer
+func hashmapMake(keySize, valueSize uintptr, sizeHint uintptr, alg uint8) unsafe.Pointer
+
+// MakeMapWithSize creates a new map with the specified type and initial space
+// for approximately n elements.
+func MakeMapWithSize(typ Type, n int) Value {
+
+	// TODO(dgryski): deduplicate these?  runtime and reflect both need them.
+	const (
+		hashmapAlgorithmBinary uint8 = iota
+		hashmapAlgorithmString
+		hashmapAlgorithmInterface
+	)
+
+	if typ.Kind() != Map {
+		panic(&ValueError{"MakeMap", typ.Kind()})
+	}
+
+	if n < 0 {
+		panic("reflect.MakeMapWithSize: negative size hint")
+	}
+
+	key := typ.Key().(*rawType)
+	val := typ.Elem().(*rawType)
+
+	var alg uint8
+
+	if key.Kind() == String {
+		alg = hashmapAlgorithmString
+	} else if key.isBinary() {
+		alg = hashmapAlgorithmBinary
+	} else {
+		panic("reflect.MakeMap: unimplemented key type")
+	}
+
+	m := hashmapMake(key.Size(), val.Size(), uintptr(n), alg)
+
+	return Value{
+		typecode: typ.(*rawType),
+		value:    m,
+		flags:    valueFlagExported,
+	}
+}
+
 // MakeMap creates a new map with the specified type.
 func MakeMap(typ Type) Value {
-	panic("unimplemented: reflect.MakeMap()")
+	return MakeMapWithSize(typ, 8)
 }
 
 func (v Value) Call(in []Value) []Value {

src/reflect/value_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package reflect_test
 
 import (
 	. "reflect"
+	"sort"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -30,3 +31,101 @@ func TestIndirectPointers(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("bad indirect array index via reflect")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
+
+	m := make(map[string]int)
+
+	mtyp := TypeOf(m)
+
+	if got, want := mtyp.Key().Kind().String(), "string"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("m.Type().Key().String()=%q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if got, want := mtyp.Elem().Kind().String(), "int"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("m.Elem().String()=%q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	m["foo"] = 2
+
+	mref := ValueOf(m)
+	two := mref.MapIndex(ValueOf("foo"))
+
+	if got, want := two.Interface().(int), 2; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("MapIndex(`foo`)=%v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	m["bar"] = 3
+	m["baz"] = 4
+	m["qux"] = 5
+
+	it := mref.MapRange()
+
+	var gotKeys []string
+	for it.Next() {
+		k := it.Key()
+		v := it.Value()
+
+		kstr := k.Interface().(string)
+		vint := v.Interface().(int)
+
+		gotKeys = append(gotKeys, kstr)
+
+		if m[kstr] != vint {
+			t.Errorf("m[%v]=%v, want %v", kstr, vint, m[kstr])
+		}
+	}
+	var wantKeys []string
+	for k := range m {
+		wantKeys = append(wantKeys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(gotKeys)
+	sort.Strings(wantKeys)
+
+	if !equal(gotKeys, wantKeys) {
+		t.Errorf("MapRange return unexpected keys: got %v, want %v", gotKeys, wantKeys)
+	}
+
+	refMapKeys := mref.MapKeys()
+	gotKeys = gotKeys[:0]
+	for _, v := range refMapKeys {
+		gotKeys = append(gotKeys, v.Interface().(string))
+	}
+
+	sort.Strings(gotKeys)
+	if !equal(gotKeys, wantKeys) {
+		t.Errorf("MapKeys return unexpected keys: got %v, want %v", gotKeys, wantKeys)
+	}
+
+	mref.SetMapIndex(ValueOf("bar"), Value{})
+	if _, ok := m["bar"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("SetMapIndex failed to delete `bar`")
+	}
+
+	mref.SetMapIndex(ValueOf("baz"), ValueOf(6))
+	if got, want := m["baz"], 6; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("SetMapIndex(bar, 6) got %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	m2ref := MakeMap(mref.Type())
+	m2ref.SetMapIndex(ValueOf("foo"), ValueOf(2))
+
+	m2 := m2ref.Interface().(map[string]int)
+
+	if m2["foo"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("MakeMap failed to create map")
+	}
+}
+
+func equal[T comparable](a, b []T) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for i, aa := range a {
+		if b[i] != aa {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

src/runtime/hashmap.go

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ type hashmapIterator struct {
 	bucketIndex  uint8          // current index into bucket
 }
 
+func hashmapNewIterator() unsafe.Pointer {
+	return unsafe.Pointer(new(hashmapIterator))
+}
+
 // Get the topmost 8 bits of the hash, without using a special value (like 0).
 func hashmapTopHash(hash uint32) uint8 {
 	tophash := uint8(hash >> 24)
@@ -84,6 +88,10 @@ func hashmapMake(keySize, valueSize uintptr, sizeHint uintptr, alg uint8) *hashm
 	}
 }
 
+func hashmapMakeUnsafePointer(keySize, valueSize uintptr, sizeHint uintptr, alg uint8) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return (unsafe.Pointer)(hashmapMake(keySize, valueSize, sizeHint, alg))
+}
+
 func hashmapKeyEqualAlg(alg hashmapAlgorithm) func(x, y unsafe.Pointer, n uintptr) bool {
 	switch alg {
 	case hashmapAlgorithmBinary:
@@ -142,10 +150,8 @@ func hashmapLen(m *hashmap) int {
 	return int(m.count)
 }
 
-// wrapper for use in reflect
+func hashmapLenUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer) int {
-func hashmapLenUnsafePointer(p unsafe.Pointer) int {
+	return hashmapLen((*hashmap)(m))
-	m := (*hashmap)(p)
-	return hashmapLen(m)
 }
 
 // Set a specified key to a given value. Grow the map if necessary.
@@ -208,6 +214,10 @@ func hashmapSet(m *hashmap, key unsafe.Pointer, value unsafe.Pointer, hash uint3
 	*emptySlotTophash = tophash
 }
 
+func hashmapSetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key unsafe.Pointer, value unsafe.Pointer, hash uint32) {
+	hashmapSet((*hashmap)(m), key, value, hash)
+}
+
 // hashmapInsertIntoNewBucket creates a new bucket, inserts the given key and
 // value into the bucket, and returns a pointer to this bucket.
 func hashmapInsertIntoNewBucket(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer, tophash uint8) *hashmapBucket {
@@ -299,6 +309,10 @@ func hashmapGet(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr, hash u
 	return false
 }
 
+func hashmapGetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr, hash uint32) bool {
+	return hashmapGet((*hashmap)(m), key, value, valueSize, hash)
+}
+
 // Delete a given key from the map. No-op when the key does not exist in the
 // map.
 //
@@ -409,6 +423,10 @@ func hashmapNext(m *hashmap, it *hashmapIterator, key, value unsafe.Pointer) boo
 	}
 }
 
+func hashmapNextUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, it unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer) bool {
+	return hashmapNext((*hashmap)(m), (*hashmapIterator)(it), key, value)
+}
+
 // Hashmap with plain binary data keys (not containing strings etc.).
 func hashmapBinarySet(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer) {
 	if m == nil {
@@ -418,6 +436,10 @@ func hashmapBinarySet(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer) {
 	hashmapSet(m, key, value, hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapBinarySetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer) {
+	hashmapBinarySet((*hashmap)(m), key, value)
+}
+
 func hashmapBinaryGet(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool {
 	if m == nil {
 		memzero(value, uintptr(valueSize))
@@ -427,6 +449,10 @@ func hashmapBinaryGet(m *hashmap, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr)
 	return hashmapGet(m, key, value, valueSize, hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapBinaryGetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool {
+	return hashmapBinaryGet((*hashmap)(m), key, value, valueSize)
+}
+
 func hashmapBinaryDelete(m *hashmap, key unsafe.Pointer) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return
@@ -435,6 +461,10 @@ func hashmapBinaryDelete(m *hashmap, key unsafe.Pointer) {
 	hashmapDelete(m, key, hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapBinaryDeleteUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key unsafe.Pointer) {
+	hashmapBinaryDelete((*hashmap)(m), key)
+}
+
 // Hashmap with string keys (a common case).
 
 func hashmapStringEqual(x, y unsafe.Pointer, n uintptr) bool {
@@ -459,6 +489,10 @@ func hashmapStringSet(m *hashmap, key string, value unsafe.Pointer) {
 	hashmapSet(m, unsafe.Pointer(&key), value, hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapStringSetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key string, value unsafe.Pointer) {
+	hashmapStringSet((*hashmap)(m), key, value)
+}
+
 func hashmapStringGet(m *hashmap, key string, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool {
 	if m == nil {
 		memzero(value, uintptr(valueSize))
@@ -468,6 +502,10 @@ func hashmapStringGet(m *hashmap, key string, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize ui
 	return hashmapGet(m, unsafe.Pointer(&key), value, valueSize, hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapStringGetUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key string, value unsafe.Pointer, valueSize uintptr) bool {
+	return hashmapStringGet((*hashmap)(m), key, value, valueSize)
+}
+
 func hashmapStringDelete(m *hashmap, key string) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return
@@ -476,6 +514,10 @@ func hashmapStringDelete(m *hashmap, key string) {
 	hashmapDelete(m, unsafe.Pointer(&key), hash)
 }
 
+func hashmapStringDeleteUnsafePointer(m unsafe.Pointer, key string) {
+	hashmapStringDelete((*hashmap)(m), key)
+}
+
 // Hashmap with interface keys (for everything else).
 
 // This is a method that is intentionally unexported in the reflect package. It

src/runtime/runtime_atsamd51.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ func init() {
 	initSERCOMClocks()
 	initUSBClock()
 	initADCClock()
+	enableCache()
 
 	cdc.EnableUSBCDC()
 	machine.USBDev.Configure(machine.UARTConfig{})
@@ -367,6 +368,10 @@ func initADCClock() {
 		sam.GCLK_PCHCTRL_CHEN)
 }
 
+func enableCache() {
+	sam.CMCC.CTRL.SetBits(sam.CMCC_CTRL_CEN)
+}
+
 func waitForEvents() {
 	arm.Asm("wfe")
 }

targets/arm.ld

@@ -69,3 +69,7 @@ _heap_start = _ebss;
 _heap_end = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);
 _globals_start = _sdata;
 _globals_end = _ebss;
+
+/* For the flash API */
+__flash_data_start = LOADADDR(.data) + SIZEOF(.data);
+__flash_data_end = ORIGIN(FLASH_TEXT) + LENGTH(FLASH_TEXT);