os: implement virtual filesystem support

This allows applications to mount filesystems in the os package. This is
useful for mounting external flash filesystems, for example.

testdata/stdlib.go

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	// package os, fmt
-	fmt.Println("stdin: ", os.Stdin.Fd())
-	fmt.Println("stdout:", os.Stdout.Fd())
-	fmt.Println("stderr:", os.Stderr.Fd())
+	fmt.Println("stdin: ", os.Stdin.Name())
+	fmt.Println("stdout:", os.Stdout.Name())
+	fmt.Println("stderr:", os.Stderr.Name())
 
 	// package math/rand
 	fmt.Println("pseudorandom number:", rand.Int31())

testdata/stdlib.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-stdin:  0
-stdout: 1
-stderr: 2
+stdin:  /dev/stdin
+stdout: /dev/stdout
+stderr: /dev/stderr
 pseudorandom number: 1298498081
 strings.IndexByte: 2
 strings.Replace: An-example-string