machine: use new internal/binary package

The encoding/binary package in Go 1.23 imports the slices package, which
results in circular import when imported from the machine package.
Therefore, encoding/binary cannot be used in the machine package.

This commit fixes that by introducing a new internal/binary package that
is just plain Go code without dependencies. It can be safely used
anywhere (including the runtime if needed).

loader/goroot.go

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ func pathsToOverride(goMinor int, needsSyscallPackage bool) map[string]bool {
 		"device/":               false,
 		"examples/":             false,
 		"internal/":             true,
+		"internal/binary/":      false,
 		"internal/bytealg/":     false,
 		"internal/fuzz/":        false,
 		"internal/reflectlite/": false,